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excellent means for understanding cytological and ultrastructural changes during cell growth and differentiation, behavioural patterns of plastids and mitochondria (Fournier et al., 1995). For cultures S. melongena, protoplasts isolated from mesophyll cell grew best usig both cytokinin and auxin (Sihachakr and Ducreux, 1987). However, protoplast isolated from petioles and stems showed better regenerating compared to cells isolated from lamina (Sihachakr and Ducreux, 1987). Moreover, the somatic hybridization experiments via protoplast fusion have been performed to facilitate the introduction of agronomically important traits from wild relatives into cultivated S. melongena. These characters were mainly resistance against diseases and parasites and particularly resistance to bacterial and fungal wilts, nematodes, mites and fruit borers (Sihachakr et al., 1994). Therefore, to overcome the difficulty of interspecific hybridization, somatic hybridization is considered to be an alternative technique for producing the interspecific hybrids since a number of somatic hybrids have previously been produced between S. melongena and wild Solanum such as S. sisymbrifolium (Gleddie et al., 1986), S. khasianum (Sihachakr et al., 1988), S. torvum (Guri and Sink, 1988a; Sihachakr et al., 1989; Jarl et al., 1999), S. nigrum (Guri and Sink, 1988b), S. aethiopicum (Daunay et al., 1993; Collonier et al., 2001), S. sanitwongsei (Asao et al., 1994), S. marginatum (Borgato et al., 2007). Likewise, the somatic hybrid between S. integrifolium and S. sanitwongsei (Iwamoto et al., 2007). Althrough these hybrids have desirable characters, the sterility of most of them has hindered further use of this material in S. melongena breeding programs. It is nevertheless known that the somatic fusion between S. melongena and the closely related S. aethiopicum produces highly fertile hybrids (Daunay et al., 1993), suggesting that besides the regeneration capacity of hybrid cells, the phylogenetic distance between two parental species must be taken into account. Fertile hybrids were obtained from S. melongena and S. torvum when fragmentation by irradiation of the donor genome preceded protoplast fusion to limit the incompatibility reactionof genomes, as well as to reduce the introduction of unwanted characters of the wild species into domesticated gene pool (Jarl et al., 1999). 15
Moreover, lines of S. melongena showed a variable ability to cross with a given wild species, and successful crosses may depend on one-way incompatibility (Rao, 1979). The partial sterility of interspecific hybrids of S. melongna with other Solanum species may be linked to self-incompatilbility problems brought by the wild parent, and not by the S. melongena being self-compatible (Daunay et al., 1991). Self -incompatibility in the family Solanaceae is gametophytic and mainly controlled by muti-allelic S-locus (Franklin et al., 1995). Therefore, understanding the germplasm diversity presented in Solanum species may bring valuable information for S. melongena breeding programs and determine diversity and relationships among S. melongena and its wild relatives. 16
Page 1: THESIS GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE SOU
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Ninety
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Selec
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Appendi
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cm = centimet
Page 17 and 18: Asian Vegetable Research and Develo
Page 19 and 20: OBJECTIVES 1. To characterize using
Page 21 and 22: campanulate, rotate or copular, mos
Page 23 and 24: Moreover, genetic diversity has an
Page 25 and 26: Therefore, germplasm characterizati
Page 27 and 28: some degree from each other and the
Page 29: Interspecific hybrids between wild
Page 33 and 34: (qualitative) traits. The cluster a
Page 35 and 36: Plots of the clustering statistics
Page 37 and 38: Table 1 (Continued) Temporary No. S
Page 39 and 40: 2. Genetic relationships of Solanum
Page 41 and 42: pollen grains from randomly selecte
Page 43 and 44: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this stud
Page 45 and 46: Furthermore, TS02950 collected in C
Page 47 and 48: distinct from those species. Fruit
Page 49 and 50: yellow and globose. While, TS001447
Page 51 and 52: Table 4 Identification of 43 access
Page 53 and 54: Table 5 Re-identification of 5 acce
Page 55 and 56: accessions, hence, considered to ha
Page 57 and 58: Figure 1 Selected items from PROC U
Page 59 and 60: Table 7 Correlation coefficients sc
Page 61 and 62: N a m e o f V a r i a b l e o r C l
Page 63 and 64: 1.2.2 Cluster analysis I. Ratio sca
Page 65 and 66: P S E U D O F S T A T I S T I C Sto
Page 67 and 68: C U B I C C L U S T E R I N G C R I
Page 69 and 70: Table 9 Accessions number of Solanu
Page 71 and 72: Table 9 (Continued) Cluster Subclus
Page 73 and 74: Stratifying the accessions into 10
Page 75 and 76: (single fruit). It has also the wid
Page 77 and 78: were collected in Laos, while S. ma
Page 79 and 80: II. Nominal traits (qualitative tra
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Table 11 (Continued) Nominal traits
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The similarity coefficient values (
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(3 accessions). Subclaster A is cha
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8 6 4 Figure 7 Cluster analysis of
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Table 12 (Continued) Cluster Subclu
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However, the determination of the m
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This result is in agreement with th
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herbicide (atrazine) resistant trai
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3) Cross - compatibility among S. a
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when the larger-flowered species we
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Table 14 Interspecific crossability
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Table 15 Interspecific crossability
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Table 17 Intra- and interspecific c
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Table 18 (Continued) Cross combinat
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A B C D E F G H Figure 8 The hybrid
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Figure 10 F1 hybrid plant from S. m
Page 113 and 114:
Confirmation of interspecific hybri
Page 115 and 116:
However, pollen fertility of the in
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Table 19 The pollen fertility of F1
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Table 21 (Continued) Species Access
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S00860) showed a same ploidy level
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Moreover, an accurate determination
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S. americanum (S00269) (2n) S. amer
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S. villosum (S00854) (4n) S. villos
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S. villosum (S00860) (4n) S. villos
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Moreover, the crosses between S. am
Page 133 and 134:
S. melongena (S00625) S. melongena
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S. melongena (S00809) F1 S. villosu
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S. americanum (S00861) S. americanu
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S. americanum (S00269) S. americanu
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S. villosum (TS02600) F1 S. villosu
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S. villosum (S00854) F1 S. american
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S. nigrum (TS02930) F1 S. americanu
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132 For the interspecific crossing
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S. nigrum). For the interspecific c
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, and M. Ahmand.1989. Morphological
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138 Collonnier, C., I. Fock, V. Kas
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and J.A. Chweya. 1997. Black Nights
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and . 1988b. Organelle composition
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Laban, J.C.G. 2003. Genetic Diversi
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spinous Solanums. Theoret. Appl. Ge
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Singh, J. and M. Rai. 2005. Eggplan
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APPENDICES 150
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SEEDLING DATA AVRDC-GRSU CHARACTERI
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S300 Leaf blade tip angle 1 = Very
Page 171 and 172:
S530 Fruit length/breadth ratio 1 =
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S640 Fruit calyx length (N=10) ____
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Appendix Table A1 Characterization
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Appendix Table A1 (Continued) Tempo
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Appendix Table A4 List of morpholog
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Appendix Figure A2 Morphological ch
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Appendix Figure A8 Morphological ch
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Appendix B Identification of specie
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 7.
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Moment N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 101
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Moments N 91 Sum Weights 91 Mean 10
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THESIS

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