(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
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112<br />
5.1 Foreign direct investment in bilateral investment treaties, regional free<br />
trade agreements <strong>and</strong> WTO agreements <strong>and</strong> its interaction with<br />
sectoral <strong>and</strong> horizontal topics under <strong>the</strong> rules <strong>of</strong> global free trade<br />
The answer to <strong>the</strong> question, why <strong>the</strong> existing, already widely market-compliant<br />
liberalized rules <strong>of</strong> national legislation <strong>and</strong> international treaties are still not sufficient,<br />
can be found in <strong>the</strong> interaction <strong>of</strong> foreign direct investment with<br />
• bilateral investment agreements,<br />
• regional free trade agreements <strong>and</strong><br />
• <strong>the</strong> WTO<br />
with different complementary “sectoral” 319 bodies <strong>of</strong> rules <strong>and</strong> regulations concerning<br />
• services <strong>and</strong><br />
• goods<br />
as well as <strong>the</strong> “horizontal” 320 topics <strong>of</strong><br />
• investment <strong>and</strong><br />
• <strong>the</strong> dem<strong>and</strong>s regarding <strong>the</strong> proposed internationally binding criteria for government<br />
procurement.<br />
The bilateral investment agreements, with <strong>the</strong>ir comprehensive investors’ rights,<br />
complement <strong>the</strong> vested rights <strong>of</strong> investors already determined by <strong>the</strong> WTO <strong>and</strong>/or<br />
FTAs. If a country grants certain concessions in <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> a BIT, <strong>the</strong>n according<br />
to <strong>the</strong> MFN clause, all o<strong>the</strong>r BITs <strong>of</strong> this country have to contain <strong>the</strong> same “best”<br />
conditions: A chain reaction, which as a results creates a multilateral investment<br />
agreement (MIA) through <strong>the</strong> backdoor: <strong>the</strong>refore, for example, <strong>the</strong> deputados <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Brazilian Congress should think twice <strong>and</strong> check if <strong>the</strong> consequences <strong>of</strong> ratifying a<br />
BIT really produce desired developments.<br />
The attempt to implement <strong>the</strong> consequent commercialization <strong>of</strong> public goods<br />
<strong>and</strong> services at an international cross-border level is tried through all kinds <strong>of</strong> thinkable<br />
measures: The regulations <strong>of</strong> international treaties are irreversible once <strong>the</strong><br />
agreements are ratified, so that broad market access, “non-discrimination”, “national<br />
treatment”, international arbitration courts <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> determination <strong>of</strong> companies as<br />
subject <strong>of</strong> international law with rights <strong>and</strong> duties as well as binding rules for public<br />
319 http://europa.eu.int/comm/trade/issues/sectoral/index_en.htm.<br />
320 Ibid.