(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
(EU) and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)? - FDCL
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58<br />
3.1 European foreign investment in Latin America <strong>and</strong><br />
geo-strategical trade competition<br />
Among <strong>the</strong> 15 largest non-Latin American multinational corporations which<br />
operated in Latin America in 2001, <strong>the</strong>re were 5 transnationals from <strong>the</strong> European<br />
Union – four <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m were among <strong>the</strong> 5 largest: 1. Telefónica (Spain), 2. Coca Cola<br />
(USA), 3. VW (Germany), 4. Daimler-Chrysler (Germany), 5. Endesa (Spain).<br />
If transnational corporations are classified according to <strong>the</strong>ir country <strong>of</strong> origin,<br />
where <strong>the</strong>ir headquarters are located, <strong>the</strong>n Germany is positioned third, Spain second<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> USA first in <strong>the</strong> foreign investment ranking for Latin America:<br />
“Considering re-investment <strong>and</strong> investment via third countries Germany ranks<br />
third in <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> Latin America’s investment partners with an investment stock<br />
<strong>of</strong> 42 billion US-dollars preceded by Spain <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> USA [...] more than 85%<br />
<strong>of</strong> German investment in Latin America concentrates on <strong>the</strong> manufacturing<br />
industry [...] <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume <strong>of</strong> production <strong>of</strong> German subsidiary companies<br />
in Latin America amounted to approximately 65.3 billion US-dollars <strong>and</strong> [exceeded]<br />
total German exports to <strong>the</strong> region (approx. 16 billion) by more than<br />
four times.” 122<br />
According to numbers from <strong>the</strong> “Lateinamerika-Konferenz der deutschen<br />
Wirtschaft” (Latin American Conference <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> German Economy) more than 10,000<br />
German companies maintain economic relations with Latin America. Around 2,800<br />
German companies have representations, branches or production sites in Latin<br />
America. 123 Mr. Rösler from <strong>the</strong> Ibero-Amerika-Verein, which is an institution close to<br />
<strong>the</strong> German employers’ umbrella organization BDI, concludes in his annual report:<br />
122 Own translation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following original text: “Unter Berücksichtigung der Reinvestitionen und der Investitionen über<br />
Drittländer nimmt Deutschl<strong>and</strong> mit einem Investitionsbest<strong>and</strong> von US$ 42 Mrd. nach den USA und Spanien den<br />
3. Platz in der Rangliste der Investitionspartner Lateinamerikas ein [...,ü]ber 85 % der deutschen Lateinamerika-<br />
Investitionen sind in der verarbeitenden Industrie konzentriert [...] und das Produktionsvolumen der deutschen<br />
Tochterunternehmen in Lateinamerika [überstieg] im Jahr 2001 mit ca. 65,3 Mrd den gesamten deutschen<br />
Export in die Region (ca. 16 Mrd) um mehr als das vierfache”. Taken from: Rösler, Peter: Ausl<strong>and</strong>sinvestitionen in<br />
Lateinamerika, Ibero-Amerika Verein, July 30, 2003. For <strong>the</strong> difference between reinvestment <strong>and</strong> investment flows,<br />
see: Rösler, Peter: Ausl<strong>and</strong>sinvestitionen in Lateinamerika, Ibero-Amerika-Verein, July 30, 2003: “Reinvestitionen<br />
stehen an erster Stelle: Beim Ausbau des deutschen Engagements in Lateinamerika spielt der Zufluß neuer<br />
Mittel aus Deutschl<strong>and</strong> schon seit längerer Zeit nicht mehr die Hauptrolle. Viele Lateinamerika-Töchter deutscher<br />
Unternehmen finanzieren die als notwendig erachteten Ersatz- oder Neuinvestitionen weitgehend aus dem eigenen<br />
Cash-flow. In Brasilien und Mexiko ist deshalb inzwischen der Gesamtwert der Reinvestitionen höher, als der<br />
kumulierte Direktinvestitionszufluß aus Deutschl<strong>and</strong>. Allerdings werden in den <strong>of</strong>fiziellen lateinamerikanischen<br />
Statistiken die umfangreichen deutschen Reinvestitionen kaum berücksichtigt.” Own translation: “Reinvestment is<br />
in first place: Regarding <strong>the</strong> extension <strong>of</strong> German engagement in Latin America, <strong>the</strong> inflow <strong>of</strong> new funds has ceased<br />
to play a major role a long time ago. Many Latin American subsidiaries <strong>of</strong> German companies finance <strong>the</strong> new or<br />
replacement investment regarded as necessary through <strong>the</strong>ir own cash-flow. In Brasil <strong>and</strong> Mexico <strong>the</strong>refore in <strong>the</strong><br />
meantime <strong>the</strong> total value <strong>of</strong> reinvestment is higher than <strong>the</strong> accumulated inflow <strong>of</strong> direct investment from Germany.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial Latin American statistics, however, <strong>the</strong> broad German reinvestment is scarcely considered.”<br />
123 http://www.localglobal.de/lak/vortraege/Forum_Kaup.pdf.