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5 o C
10 o C
15 o C
U 2 4 8 32 BA U 2 4 8 32 BA U 2 4 8 32 BA
20 o C
U 2 4 8 32 BA
200 atm 150 atm 100 atm 50 atm 1 atm
D ev elo p m en tal S tag e
Fig. 3.12. Marthasterias glacialis embryos incubated at 5, 10, 15 and 20° C at 1, 50,
100, 150 and 200 atm for 6 h. Histogram represent % mean and SD. Development
stages are (U) Uncleaved, 2 to 32 cell, (B) Blastula and (A) Abnormal.
At 12 h: At 5°C almost all zygotes remained uncleaved but showing no
irregularities, with just ~5 % abnormal at 1 and 50atm. At 10°C and 1atm ~95 % of
embryos remained uncleaved, the rest were abnormal, at 50atm around 40 % embryos
were at 2-cell stage, ~50 % remained uncleaved and ~10 % were abnormal, at 100atm
~50 % of the embryos were uncleaved, ~30 % were 2-cell and the number of
abnormal increased to ~20 %, at 150 and 200atm all were uncleaved. At 15°C and
1atm ~90 % were 32-cell and ~10 % were abnormal, at 50 atm ~50 % were 32-cell,
~20 % were 16-cell and abnormal equally, ~10 % were at 8-cell stage, at 100 and
150atm ~60 % were abnormal embryos, ~ 20 % were uncleaved and the rest 8- and
16-cell, at 200atm ~90 % of embryos were uncleaved and ~10 % were abnormal. At
20°C from 1 to 100atm between 50 and 60 % reached the blastula stage, ~40 % were
abnormal, at 150atm ~70 % of embryos were abnormal, ~30 % were 64-cell and
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