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From Eqs.1 and 3 we obtain the estimation for the total number of oocytes in the ovary, or potential fecundity F: F = F pvo + F vo (4) Fig. 4.2. Light histology of gonads of North Atlantic starfish stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. A Cheiraster sepitus. B. Freyella elegans. C Plinthaster dentatus. D Porcellanaster ceruleus. E Poraniomorpha hispida rosea. F Pteraster 73
personatus. Abbreviations: pvo, previtellogenic oocyte; vo, vitellogenic oocyte (Micrographs by Francisco Benitez). Fig. 4.3. Light histology of gonads of North Atlantic starfish stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. A Pythonaster atlantidis. B. Styracaster elongatus. C Thoracaster cylindratus. D Henricia abyssicola. E Luidia sarsi. F Myxaster perrieri. Abbreviations: pvo, previtellogenic oocyte; vo, vitellogenic oocyte. (Micrographs by Francisco Benitez). 4.2.4- Statistical analysis 74
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University of Southampton Research
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Graduate School of the National Oce
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT
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Marthasterias glacialis (ECHINODERM
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Acknowledgments I know everybody sa
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Prière de l’étoile de mer Seign
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species of asteroid Patiriella para
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embryonic tolerances could determin
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dispersed over great distances and
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lecithotrophic development. The pre
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al., 1997). In a review (Vrijenhoek
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Although larval dispersal and settl
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larvae of shallow water echinoids f
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few hours, whereas other species su
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een defined as a unique sequence of
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therefore a developing form may wel
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adults” that have the definitive
Page 35 and 36: The dipleurula is the hypothetical
Page 37 and 38: among tunicate tadpoles, sponge and
Page 39 and 40: Fig.2.4. Bipinnaria larvae of the a
Page 41 and 42: In marine invertebrates there is a
Page 43 and 44: independent of habitat or mode of n
Page 45 and 46: whether juveniles derived from larv
Page 47 and 48: and the northern Mediterranean have
Page 49 and 50: Wares (2001) performed phylogenetic
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 3.2. A. Marthasterias glaciali
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.2- Temperature/pressure effects
Page 55 and 56: Pressure was applied using an Enerp
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 3.7. Bippinaria larvae of Mart
Page 59 and 60: X Data were abnormal. At 150 and 20
Page 61 and 62: X Data all the embryos were abnorma
Page 63 and 64: X Data blastulae, at 200atm 90% of
Page 65 and 66: 50atm more than 90% of embryos were
Page 67 and 68: Those data (Young et al., 1997; Ped
Page 69 and 70: Percentage of individuals swimming
Page 71 and 72: that settling invertebrate larvae d
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER FOUR- REPRODUCTIVE FEATURES
Page 75 and 76: In 1973, Vance proposed a theoretic
Page 77 and 78: Species Volume Energy Dev Class Ref
Page 79 and 80: 4.1.2- Body Size The reproductive o
Page 81: Species Depth of max. Depth range (
Page 84 and 85: arm, and the minor radius (r), from
Page 88 and 89: Data on maximum body size, maximum
Page 90 and 91: 250 200 Body size (mm) 150 100 50 0
Page 92 and 93: Fig. 4.7. Hierarchical cluster anal
Page 94 and 95: (Hymenaster membranaceus Thomson).
Page 96 and 97: gamete production at low population
Page 98 and 99: varies depending on the vitellogeni
Page 100 and 101: size, high fecundity, small egg siz
Page 102 and 103: strategy described by Winemiller an
Page 104 and 105: It seems that evolutionary features
Page 106 and 107: strategy stablished by the Winemill
Page 108 and 109: which normal embryonic/larval devel
Page 110 and 111: Larval dispersal from eight populat
Page 112 and 113: These results are very important si
Page 114 and 115: possibility. The opportunistic spec
Page 116 and 117: hypothesis that the Mesozoic and ea
Page 118 and 119: Barnes, H. and H.T. Powell. 1951. T
Page 120 and 121: Chester, C.M. 1996. The effect of a
Page 122 and 123: Crisp, D.J. 1978. Genetic consequen
Page 124 and 125: David, B., A. Guille, J-P. Féral a
Page 126 and 127: Grant, A. 1983. On the evolution of
Page 128 and 129: Inaba, D. 1934. On some holothurian
Page 130 and 131: of the 6 th International Echinoder
Page 132 and 133: Lieberkind, I. 1926. Ctenodiscus au
Page 134 and 135: McEdward, L.R. and S.F. Carson. 198
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Minchin, D. 1987. Sea-water tempera
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Pawson, D.L. 1976. Some aspects of
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Pingree. R.D., B. Sinha and C.R. Gr
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Savidge, G., H.J. Lennon, and A.D.
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Shilling, F.M. and D.T. Manahan. 19
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Turner, R.L. and J.M. Lawrence. 197
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Vickery, M.S. and J.B. McClintock 2
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(Eds.): Reproduction Genetics and D
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