Universlty of Manitoba, ln Partîal Fulfiìlment - MSpace at the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

$il\VOLVEMENT OF RETII\OIC ACID II{ - MSpace at the University of ...$

F;gs 51 - 64. Normal devcìopn¿¡ii il a St. 1B controì etrìbiyu s¡rüia¡i¡,g <strong>the</strong> caudal regîon from above down (hZC 7) " NeuraÏ . canal symmetrical . Notôchord in close contact with neural tube. Large somitesshowing differentÌ<strong>at</strong>ion Neural crest present, Cl
Page 1 and 2:
E}4BRYOGENES IS OF EXPERIHENTALLY I
Page 3 and 4:
MY PARENTS c.J.H. G. M.
Page 5 and 6:
lt Congenital malformêtlons of the
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS SECT ION PAGE 1 I
Page 9 and 10:
},I.ATE R I ALS 3.1 THE CHICK EI4BR
Page 11 and 12:
vt I I 6.3.2 Stage 10 Experímentel
Page 13 and 14:
9 APPENDTCES 378 APPENDIX A . 379 1
Page 15 and 16:
1.1 TERATOLOGY Birth defects have a
Page 17 and 18:
4 of the complexity of normal devel
Page 19 and 20:
6 flat, exposed plaque of neural ti
Page 21 and 22:
8 However, several early embryos in
Page 24 and 25:
.1- 5
Page 26 and 27:
l2 2.1 ErI0L0rL!! fïE qYs34t!1!!jr
Page 28 and 29:
4 which has rema¡ned fairly consta
Page 30 and 31:
6 and about 112 after two (Laure,nc
Page 32 and 33:
l8 ln some very early human embryos
Page 35 and 36:
2l and kinky-ta¡l as disorders of
Page 37 and 38:
23 Vogel and McClenahan (1952) tnus
Page 39 and 40:
I'IATE R IALS 25
Page 41 and 42:
27 lf necessary, eggs were stored a
Page 43:
FÍg. 5. lncubator allowing precise
Page 46 and 47:
3l 4. r sELEcr I oN !F EGGq 4.1,1 .
Page 48 and 49:
uler. Accurate Staging (Hamburger a
Page 50 and 51:
.\lz '?. t
Page 52 and 53:
Fis. I AsB, Windowìng followed by
Page 55 and 56:
Fis. 9 Aã8. t/indow?ng followed by
Page 57 and 58:
42 ( \--l /) ^ ) t0
Page 59 and 60:
44 serîal sectlonlng a camera luci
Page 61 and 62:
46 Thus the embryos selected for se
Page 63 and 64:
48 TABLE 3. srAGE t0 El,tBRyos (cno
Page 65 and 66:
50 TABLE 5 , Reg i ons srAGE 13:16'
Page 67 and 68:
52 4.8.4 HistologÌcal_De:plþtÍon
Page 69 and 70:
5 RESULTS OF TERAÎOLOGICAL PROCEDU
Page 71 and 72:
(c) deaths and defects in the survi
Page 73 and 74:
Fi g. Percentagcs of early deaths a
Page 75 and 76:
6o MoRTALtTY, AFTER ì,'tNpowtNq,AT
Page 77 and 78:
TABLE B.'DEVEIOPI{ENT'AFTER'WINDOIi
Page 79 and 80:
TABLE 9. ¡4ALFORMATIONS PRODUCED'B
Page 81 and 82:
N=231 ffil e ooyi ffi s oays [il t2
Page 83 and 84:
6B TABLEt loj lloRTALtTy AFTER VtBR
Page 85 and 86:
70 5,3.2 Pa-rôf i Idì ¿irid PIè
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE 13; MALFORI4ATIONS AFTER PLAS
Page 89 and 90:
41 13 0 23 No l^l i ndow Control s
Page 91 and 92:
Fíg. Percentages of early deaths a
Page 93 and 94:
78 ALBUMEN INTRODUCTION Analysís o
Page 95 and 96:
0 1 0 0 a o TABLE 17. I'lALF0RÌ1AT
Page 97 and 98:
N Eorly Deothi N=10ó N a ú, o d,
Page 99 and 100:
103 51 52 28 14 4 6 No W î ndow Co
Page 101 and 102:
Fi g. 14. Percentages of early deat
Page 103 and 104:
88 AtR qELL, REEXPANSI0N Analysls o
Page 105 and 106:
90 5.4 BACTERt4L CUTTURE 0F UlNpohr
Page 107 and 108:
92 TABLE 22. ¡¡UI'ISELTS OF PLATE
Page 109 and 110:
94 6.1 EMBRY0ûIIES I s 0L 0!!\- NE
Page 111 and 112:
Fis. I5 A¿8, Range of s izes (mm.)
Page 113 and 114:
Figs. 16 AaB.. Range of sizes (mm.
Page 115 and 116:
100 6.1.2 f4ortal í!y with Vsrying
Page 117 and 118:
421.. 26 25 I (3.85) 20 (76 .92) 1
Page 119 and 120:
00 N Eorly Deoths ,n -¡ F- ô- xu.
Page 121 and 122:
ì06 Degrees of Freedom 12 Chi Squa
Page 123 and 124:
hzE 53 42C z5 51(96.4)2\(96) 2(3.77
Page 125 and 126:
ffil Op"n Anterior Neuropore I I0 N
Page 127 and 128:
N=380 El Ovol Rhonnboid 'Sinus ì l
Page 129 and 130:
Øl Open Broin Defecls N=384 ffi F"
Page 131 and 132:
ligr. 21 - 30. Camera lucida drawin
Page 133 and 134:
Fi s. 22. lrregular open anteríor
Page 135 and 136:
lmm OPEN BRAIN DEFECT Á,NOPHTHALMI
Page 137 and 138:
lmm OVAL RHOMBOID S¡NUS 48 HOURS S
Page 139 and 140:
FiS. 26, Open neural folds extendin
Page 141 and 142:
t-l lmm IATER OPEN CORD DEFECT . RE
Page 143 and 144:
l2B t--l lmm EARLY OPEN CORD DEFECT
Page 145 and 146:
Fis. 30. Large caudal cyst Ìn an o
Page 147 and 148:
132 6.1 .4 DeveloÞñent of oÞen N
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 31 . Percentêges of experinen
Page 151 and 152: 36 TABLE ?8. RH0I4B0lD stNUs ctôs
Page 153 and 154: N=38o H ovol Rhomboid sinus l^ r38
Page 155 and 156: F¡ S. 33. Percentages Õf open cor
Page 157 and 158: 142 6.1.5 Distríbution of 0pen Cor
Page 159 and 160: Fi s. "l! Percentage distrìbution
Page 161 and 162: lrregul ar (Z) somi te be low level
Page 163 and 164: ì48 N=2ó4 ffi m Regulor Cord Defe
Page 165 and 166: Fis. 36. Percentage distrîbution o
Page 167 and 168: 152 6.2 sPtIA! LFVELS 0F oPEN CORp
Page 169 and 170: Fìgs. 37'38, Vertebral defecrs in
Page 171 and 172: CERVICAT THORACIC LUMBAR FUSED CAUD
Page 173 and 174: ---l r r'I * 40
Page 175 and 176: t59 a) spîna bif¡da occulta is se
Page 177 and 178: :al . '**Ç- 4 ff, À(,) ftø 9-' o
Page 179 and 180: 162 lmnediately after closure, sepa
Page 181 and 182: 164 Hensenrs node and the primitive
Page 183 and 184: -l :: l 48 I 49 i :. t: .lì 50 ì:
Page 185 and 186: t67 somite area (through asymmetry
Page 187 and 188: t69 ln both embryos the volume of n
Page 189 and 190: 171 The rhomblc roof became membran
Page 191 and 192: 173 At areas of myeloschisîs conta
Page 193 and 194: 175 neurêl tîssue wíth mesoderm
Page 195 and 196: t77 e) encroachment of somitîc mes
Page 197 and 198: ôt rf) , ,,. ì _ ^iiir¡:ù\. I r
Page 199: l 55 56 57 58 59 ó0
Page 203 and 204: : ó5 66 67 69 70
Page 205 and 206: \l\) ìr,jtr, r: : :;r:,irrliirqn ^
Page 207 and 208: : F- 77
Page 209 and 210: ''i l.l
Page 211 and 212: B9 90
Page 213 and 214: 187 overl îes three accessory cana
Page 215 and 216: 189 GoNTROL: STAGE ll+ (te c a) O G
Page 217 and 218: Fïgs. 97 " 99. Development of m)/e
Page 219 and 220: 193 MYELOSCHTSIS:STAGE ra.(re rea)
Page 221 and 222: Figs. 100 - 102, Development of mye
Page 223 and 224: HEMTMYELTA: STAGE ló (SO r ZA) @ q
Page 225 and 226: 6.4w t99 The hlstologlcal study of
Page 227 and 228: contact none contact none contact n
Page 229 and 230: none none N) o 6c 21 0c 46 10 10 go
Page 231 and 232: Som i te Defects contact none cont
Page 233 and 234: contáct contact con tâc t contêc
Page 235 and 236: Son i te Con têct sepa ra t ¡on s
Page 237 and 238: none none none none none none none
Page 239 and 240: contact con tac t contact con tact
Page 241 and 242: Som i te Con tact Som i te Defects
Page 243 and 244: sepa ra t lon none contact/ cys ts
Page 245 and 246: N) N) o r8E 28 14 very poor 18E 36
Page 247 and 248: Som i te Som i te Contact Defects s
Page 249 and 250: sePârat Îon sepa ra t ¡on separa
Page 251 and 252:
none none none none none none none
Page 253 and 254:
Region Embryo Stage Condltîon Neur
Page 255 and 256:
none none 428 17 zo c I osed covere
Page 257 and 258:
contact none contact/ none separat
Page 259 and 260:
contact cys ts separation none sepa
Page 261 and 262:
contact cysts sepãration none sepa
Page 263 and 264:
238 This revlew of the histologlcal
Page 265 and 266:
240 The histological features selec
Page 267 and 268:
242 (d) an lrregular neural defect
Page 269 and 270:
c I osed closed closed c I osed NJ
Page 271 and 272:
TABLE 41. APPEARANCE OF ì^IHOLE EM
Page 273 and 274:
TABLE 42. APPEARANCE OF I,'HOLE EMB
Page 275 and 276:
RHOMB IC ROOF DEl/ELOPI,IENT N' o E
Page 277 and 278:
Emb ryo Stage Rhombic Roof Neural D
Page 279 and 280:
B C DE BC 1..) 30E 76 16 very thin
Page 281 and 282:
CD BCD.E CD BCDE CD CD BCDE c NJ \
Page 283 and 284:
7- 4. 103 r05
Page 285 and 286:
.t l l]] 80t ¿ot rfÞ'. !-d...---
Page 287 and 288:
'Ì 1ú 111
Page 289 and 290:
261 ln these tables the contrors an
Page 291 and 292:
0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0
Page 293 and 294:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 295 and 296:
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N) o\
Page 297 and 298:
N o\ \o DO 0 0 65.38 0 EO 0 0 100 0
Page 299 and 300:
0 2.67 0. N' ! 18E 36 14+ DE 22.22
Page 301 and 302:
N) .{ \28 1 t8 42Ê 44 18 \zE 54 t8
Page 303 and 304:
16.76 13.52 0 29.57 100 0 14.04 49.
Page 305 and 306:
Figs. 112-119. Percentage lengths o
Page 307 and 308:
ECTODERM DISCONTINUITY IN EXPERIMEN
Page 309 and 310:
SOMITE SEPARATION IN EXPERIMENTAL E
Page 311 and 312:
NgTOCHORD SEPARATTON rN EXPERTMENTA
Page 313 and 314:
REGION E N=|9 SOMITE DEFECTS IN EXP
Page 315 and 316:
286 6.8. EXTENT OF THE OVERLAP ZONE
Page 317 and 318:
100 o 20.79 47.50 100 ,N' oo 100 æ
Page 319 and 320:
t4.09 13.94 0 1).59 100 100 88. 89
Page 321 and 322:
13.85 10. 84 14'5 t 15.97 11.06 1.5
Page 323 and 324:
0 12.18 62.07 100 77.78 o t3.72 78.
Page 325 and 326:
Embryo Stage Type of Regîons of Re
Page 327 and 328:
298 OVERLAP ZONE IN CONTROL EMBRYOS
Page 329 and 330:
OVERLAP ZONE IN EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYO
Page 331 and 332:
302 6.9 ANALYSIS OF NEURAT VOTUHES
Page 333 and 334:
Rat io NT/N 6.53 6.zB 6.78 5.02 8.2
Page 335 and 336:
7.30 6,5\ o C'\ \2c 21 29763.8\ 258
Page 337 and 338:
3.97 4. B0 8. 3g 5.81 6.37 5.53 8.8
Page 339 and 340:
5.33 q.40 3.14 3.88 4.50 4.75 \.65
Page 341 and 342:
(u2 ) Ratio NT/N 1.72 2,33 2.19 2.7
Page 343 and 344:
314 NEURAL. TUBE -NOTOCHORD RATIOS
Page 345 and 346:
316 NEURAL TUBE_NOTOCHORD RAÏIOS I
Page 347 and 348:
3t8 Figures fl:4-127 ' demons t ra
Page 349 and 350:
adjustment for nominal alpha level
Page 351 and 352:
322 TABLE .64. ¡leunn|ilssue/noroc
Page 353 and 354:
Dlscusst0N 324
Page 355 and 356:
326 Spontaneous neural defects have
Page 357 and 358:
328 caudal regions. rrregurar or de
Page 359 and 360:
330 defects seen ln fowls, human sa
Page 361 and 362:
332 lrnplicated in the pathogenesls
Page 363 and 364:
334 et al. 1961). tríth the single
Page 365 and 366:
336 The inpresslon of somlte separ
Page 367 and 368:
338 Embryos wîth myelodysplasia ho
Page 369 and 370:
340 ectoderm and neuraì tlssue ln
Page 371 and 372:
3\2 marked reduction in myerodyspra
Page 373 and 374:
344 and .the rhombo¡d s f nus at t
Page 375 and 376:
346 the braln wall were.due to mark
Page 377 and 378:
348 and Lassman, 1972). ln the sirn
Page 379 and 380:
350 of rapid ectodermal mitosis. Ho
Page 381 and 382:
352 liver, and muscle (but not gut
Page 383 and 384:
354 (Rose,nqu i s t,l !66) , and re
Page 385 and 386:
356 resu¡t ¡n only minor defects
Page 387 and 388:
358 braln and cord volume, and ofte
Page 389 and 390:
360 I sutlt'lARY ANp coNcLUsto]s 1.
Page 391 and 392:
APPEND I CES 362
Page 393 and 394:
364 1i. Dehydrate with changes of 8
Page 395 and 396:
366 t0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 397 and 398:
368 Barson, A.J. (1920). Spina blfi
Page 399 and 400:
Butros' J. (1965). Action of hearr
Page 401 and 402:
372 Feeney., J. F. and Watterson, R
Page 403 and 404:
374 Grobstein, C. (1953) . orphogen
Page 405 and 406:
376 Anat. Rec. t 00 :745. Hughes, A
Page 407 and 408:
378 Karfunkel, P. .(1974). The mech
Page 409 and 410:
380 Llghtowler, C.D.R. .(1971). Men
Page 411 and 412:
382 Hoseley, H.R. (.l947). lnsul in
Page 413 and 414:
384 Robertson, G.G., I.,illiamson,
Page 415 and 416:
386 Schroeder, T.E. (1970) " Neurul
Page 417 and 418:
vJêdd¡ngton, C.H. (1932).. Exper
Page 419:
390 Zwllli.ng, E..(1942). Restituti
show all

Universlty of Manitoba, ln Partîal Fulfiìlment - MSpace at the ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?