Studies on Panini's grammar - DWC

<strong>Studies</strong> on PäI).ini' s Grammar
upa = N. 19, 18; GP. 19, 20 abhi, prati = N. 4, 5; GP. 16, 17 ati, su =
N. 6, 7; cf. SP. I, 4 su. 87 sq., 90 sq., 94 sq.; and moreover GP. I, 2
pra, parä = N. 2, 3; GP. (7,8), (9, 10) nir, dur = N. 8, 9.
Indeed there must have been much activity on the side of teachers and
pupiIs about these upasargas even since Vedic times!
§ 14. Th e gatis en u mer a t e d SP. 1. 4, 61-79 a n d th e
gatigaT)as referred to (GP. 31 and 243; § 1113).
The sütras 61-72 contain besides a few neuter words (sat. asat, manas,
adas) as a rule indeclinables; many of the in stances mentioned by GP. 243
look like isolated noun-cases, and the same holds good for sütra 75 sqq.;
generally speaking there is a tendency to group according to similarity
of ending.
§ § 15-20. The technical terms of the grammar of indeclinables as used
in the A~tädhyäyi according to Böhtlingk' s Index (vol. 11
p. 193 sqq.).
§ 15. Th e ter m avyaya, § 1 land II.
Scarcely any rule for the avyayas as a genera} class is given in PäI).ini's
grammar; the term is either used to distinguish an indeclinable from a
homonymous form of a declinable, e.g. 1,4,67 puro 'vyayam, or to denote
by implied restriction or suggestion from context a species, e.g. an upasarga
and moreover the nipáta iti 2, I, 6, the absolutive in tvä 2, 2, 11, the
absolutive in am 2, 2, 20, an upasarga 2, 2, 25, an absolutive 2, 3, 69, a
pronominal adverb 4, 2, 104, a descriptive adverb of time 4, 3, 23 etc.
§ 16. T het e r m nipáta, § 1 II.
According to Böhtlingk's index the term nipäta only occurs in a few
passages. In SP. I, I, 14 nipáta ekäc refers to the old particIe u (Uil GP. 85,
no. 60) and formallyto GP. 85, no. 37-42 (supra § 12). In SP. 3, 3, 4
the conjunctions yávat and purä 1) (GP. 85, nos. 32 and 68) are called
nipätas in order to distinguish them from the pronomina I and nominal caseforms.
In SP. 6, 3, 136 the term seems to have a vaguer meaning. In
SP. 8, I, 30 conjunctional particles are summed up under the name nipáta,
and in fact the notion nipäta is the subject of several passages in adhy. 8
pä. 1 (sü.30-50; 56-57; 58-65) . In all these instances, with the exception
perhaps of 6, 3, 136, the term nipáta bears on syntactical and modal
particles (§ 2, B 4).
§ 17. Th e ter m s upasarga, gati a n d karma-pravacanïya.
( 1 ) . For the upasargas as members of a compound of which the other
member is a noun the term upasarga is met with in the fifth adhyäya, sü.
5, 4, 85 and 119, both belonging to the samasänta-section. In the adhyäyas
6 and 7, which describe how word-components (roots, stems, prefixes,
1) Parà in Böhtlingk's edition p. 113* is amisprint.