Studies on Panini's grammar - DWC

The grammar of the indeclinables 37
supä samäsalJ, (2, I, 2-4). Immediately the first sup is contradicted by
su. 18 ku~gati~prädayalJ" 'the first member of a compound may be an
indeclinable, either (a) ku or (b) one of the gatis (a prefix to a krt or a
close adverb to a tUL 1)) summed up in I, 4, 61-98 or (c) one of the
in stances of the prädi~gaT)a in as far as possessing other functions than
that of a gati (cf. the examples of the Käsikä: su~puru~alJ etc.).
But what about the second sup? Does the introduction of these ku~gati~
prädayalJ, supersede the second sup as weU, or is it maintained? The latter
alternative would be logicaI. the former a pardonabIe licence on the si de
of PäI).ini. PäI).ini has taken this licence and his ultra~algebraic interpreters
and critics may here accu se him of 'bad workmanship', for otherwise such
usual forms as anukrtya and apetya could not be explained by his grammar.
But if both the sups as restrictions are eliminated does this mean that in
general there are nine combinations possible for forming a tatpuru~a:
sup + sup, sup + avyaya, sup + tin, avyaya + sup, avyaya + avyaya,
etc.? For the first member tin is explicitly rejected in sû. 19 upapadam
atin, but why does not the au thor say as weU atinä?
As PäI).ini gives a grammar and no manual of orthography, a discussion
on a doublet such as atra and attra bears on pronunciation, and his dis~
cussion of the compounds is of a similar nature. Therefore a compound is
not 'that which is written and printed without any interspace' , but is a unity
in phonal and ideational respect; ideational and not only notional is this
unity, since in Sanskrit a syntactical coherence may be sufficient for the
formation of a compound; and phonal is th is unity because unifying rules
of accent and morphology enter into play.
Now, the construction of an upapada(a close adverb or a modal adverb
or conjunction ) with a tin is discussed with reference to sentence~accent
in adhy. 8 pä. 1 (e.g. 8, I, 71), but nowhere in this päda is the term
samäsa applied to th is construction (see Böhtlingk 11 p. 286* s.v.). On the
other hand an upapada (an indeclinable, or a noun in käraka~relation)
with a foUowing krt (deverbative noun or indec1inable) is discussed with
reference to accent in the passage beg inning with the adhikära 'samäsasya'
(6, 1. 223) , see e.g. 6, 2, 49 sq., and with reference to morphology in the
7th adhy., see speciaUy 7, I, 37, wh ere the very term samäse is found 2).
Thus from comparing 2, 2, 18 sqq. with the internal composition of the
three last adhyäyas it foUows that a tin cannot be the last member of a
compound; and the reason for this different treatment is evidently their
accentuation, for in a samäsa of an upapada with a krt one syUable is
udätta by fixed rule, but a verba I word~group such as üri karoti can be
totaUy anudätta (8, I, 68 sq.) or accentuated either iiri karóti or ürî
karoti [cana]. (8, I, 71 and 57 sqq.).
1) It will afterwards be proved that the latter case must be rejected.
2) A fuller discussion of these passages is given §§ 57-60.