Studies on Panini's grammar - DWC

The grammar of the indeclinables 29
Not e I. T het e r m s tatpuru~a, karma-dhäraya a n d dvigu. _.
The passage 2, I, 22 - fin . offers special interest in connexion with the
adhikara J, 4, 1. The tatpuru~as con ta in as sub-class the karma-dhärayas,
in which the relation of the two members is one of concord, e.g. the relation
between adjective and noun (nilotpala); and these karma-dhärayas contain
as a sub-class, the 'theoretica]' dvigus; e.g. paiica gävaQ becomes as a
'theoretica]' compound * paiica-go-, Erom which are derived the neuter
'complexive' dvigu paiica-gavá- 1) and the adjectival dvigu paiica-gu- 2),
'bought with five cows', 3). But whereas the reader would expect the term
karma-dhäraya to be ~entioned in su. 2, J, 49, its definition is given in
I, 2, 42 in order to escape the difficulties which would arise from the
adhikara I, 4, 1.
Not e 11. Th e ter m upasarjana. - The term upasarjana being
insufficiently defined by PäI).ini (in sü. J, 2,43 sq.), it has been necessary
to consult the commentators to arrive at a coherent exposition of the theory
of pradhäna and upasarjana. According to the results of this research
(Wackernagel 11 § 58a IJ) the first member of a dvigu is an upasarjana
and the second the pradhäna. However the term upasarjana is not only
met with in the theory of composition, but also of denominative nounderivation,
where the primary noun is termed upasarjana, as is apparent
fr om SP. 6, 2, 36. Thus in the adjectival dvigus which are derived with luk
of the suffix aTJ (4, I, 88 with sü. 83 as adhikära) or luk of thak (5, J, 28
with su. 19 as adhikära) the total 'theoretica]' form * paiica-go- could be
termed the upasarjana with respect to the desired adjectival dvigu. IE it be
allowed to attribute this implicit argumentation to PaI).ini, the shortening
of the second member in the case discussed could be explained by SP. I,
2, 48; the Kasikä, however, does not mention forms like dvi-gu-, paiica-guas
examples.
§§ 34-37. The notion upapada and the third adhyaya.
§ 34. Th e me a n in g 0 f th e ter m upapada.
Sü. 2, 2, 19 of the ku-gati-passage refers with its t~rm upapada to 3, I,
92, one of the adhikaras of the section 3, I, 95-3, 4, fin . Thus the interpretation
of the passage 2, 2, 18-22 requires a discussion of the term
upapada and an analysis of the 3d adhyaya.
According to its etymology the term upapada indicates a secundary or
auxiliary word, and occurrences of this wide meaning are frequent. In
SP. 1. 3, 16 and Kasikä an adjunct such as itaretarasya with vyati lunanti
.is called an upapada; in I, 3, 71 the indeclinable mithyä is an upapada of
1) Wackernagel 11 p. 306, § 117 c ~ and SP. 5, 4, 92; 2, I, SI samähäre.
2) With luk of the taddhita-suffix (hak, SP. 5, 1. 28 with sü. 19 as adhikära; cf. I,
1, 63 which sütra annulates the kit-influence (7, 2, 118) of the suffix (hak. On the
'shortening' (I, 1,48) of go into gu see note 11. For the adjectival dvigus in general see
SP. 2, 1. 51 taddhitärtha- and Wackernagel 11 p. 274, § 107 b ADm.
3) SP. 5, 1. 37 tena kritam.