Studies on Panini's grammar - DWC

28 <strong>Studies</strong> on PáI].ini's Grammar
stems 1) or indeclinables as preceding member of a compound) must be fit:
As appears from the examples given in the comments of the Käsikä the
sutra is meant as an adhikära of 2, 1 and 2 (theory of composition). The
Käsiká paraphrases samartha by sakta, and this required fitness consists
in the expressing of all the word~meanings [which become conscious] by
grammatical analysis: vigraha~väkyärthäbhidhäne saktaf;. But the Kásiká
adds to this a further or other ' interpretation: athavä samartha~padäSraya~
tvät samarthaf;; here whilst using the ambiguity of the word samartha and
giving this word an indirect bearing on the first member of the fo11owing
compound, the commentator considers the rules about padas to be 'fit', [if
they refer to] padas . fitting in together' [i.e. logica11y connected] . And
th is witty, although difficult formula thus informs the reader that 2, 1 and
2 discuss the rules for composition.
In its interpretation of 2, 2, 18 the Käsikä refers to 2, I, 1 as adhikära:
... ku~gati~prädayaf; samarthena (!) sabdäntare1J.a saha nityaf!1 samasyante.
§ 32. Interpretation of the adhikära 2, 1,2-4.
Su. 2, I, 2 stands rather apart, giving an accent~rule for a dependent
noun~case placed before a vocative. In as far as such a vocative~group is a
phonal unity, it shows likeness to the samäsas, subject~matter of 2, 1 and 2
according to 2, I, 1 and 3. Moreover sup of su. 2 is implicitly supplemented
to sÜ. 4, a circumstance which explains the position of this sutra as
prompted by a wish for mnemotechnical economy.
The meaning of 2, I, 4 is thus clear: saha supä = sup saha supä = sub~
antaf; 2) saha sub~antena samäsaf;, • a compound (su. 3) is a declinable
noun [standing as first member and] accompanied by another declined
noun [as second member] '. The first noun loses as a rule its declinational
ending, but is still according to grammatical convention called a sup or
sub~anta, and the fin al noun receives the termination required by sentence~
syntax.
A compound, then, in general is = noun + noun, only by way of
indeclinable + noun, or noun + indeclinable, or inde~
exception it is =
clinable + indeclinable. May one of the members be a finite verb? The
Käsikä on 2, 2, 18 gives as example yád ïiri~karóti; however nowhere in
adhy. 8 pä. I, which treats of finite verbs with preceding gatis or fo11owing
enclitics, the term samäsa is used for those close verbal~groups; cf. 8, 4, 14.
§ 33. Th e ter m tatpuru~a (SP. 2, I, 22).
In the European grammars which are favourable to PäI].ini and his
system the tatpuru~as are classified as the usually so called compound
nouns (e.g. Monier Williams, grammar p. 327); but PäI].ini himself (2,2,
18-22) includes also indeclinables + deverbative nouns or indeclinables as
saf!1skära~, saf!1skrtya.
1) SP. 2, 'I, 71 and 1, 1. 62 sq.
2) Sup = sub-anta (1, 1, 72) which evidently includes here the prätipadikas as
member of a compound.