National Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Strategy Background Paper

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164 Hull, P., Rawstorne, P., Zablotska, I., Prestage, G., Kippax, S., Staunton, S., Harrison, G., Hakala, T., Martin, P. & O’Connor, S. (2006b). Gay Community Periodic Survey Queensland 2005. National Centre in HIV Social Research, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Queensland AIDS Council and Queensland Positive People, National Centre in HIV Social Research. Hung, M.J., Kuo, L.T. & Cherng, W.J. (2003). Amphetamine-related acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 57 (1), 62-64. Inciardi, J. & McElgrath, K. (1995). The American Drug Scene: An Anthology. Los Angeles CA: Roxbury Publishing Co. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. (1993). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. New York: Blackwell Scientific Publication. Irvine, G.D. & Chin, L. (1991). The environmental impact and adverse effects of the clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine. Methamphetamine Abuse, Epidemiological Issues and Implications, Research Monograph 115. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Iversen, J., Topp, L., Maher, L., Degenhardt, L., O’Brien, S. & Black, E. (2006). Drug use trends among injecting drug users: Findings from the Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey, 2001–2005. IDRS Drug Trends Bulletin, October 2006. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Jenner, L., Baker, A., Whyte, I., & Carr, V. (2004a). Management of patients with psychostimulant use problems - guidelines for general practitioners. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Jenner, L., Baker, A., Whyte, I., & Carr, V. (2004b). Psychostimulants –Management of acute behavioural disturbances. Guidelines for police services. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Jenner, L., Spain, D., Whyte, I., Baker, A., Carr, V.J., & Crilly, J. (2006a). Management of patients with psychostimulant toxicity: guidelines for ambulance services. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Jenner, L., Spain, D., Whyte, I., Baker, A., Carr, V.J., & Crilly, J. (2006b). Management of patients with psychostimulant toxicity: guidelines for emergency departments. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Johnson, D. (2001). Age of illicit drug initiation. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No 201. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Johnson, H. (2004). Key findings from the drug use careers of female offenders study. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 289. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Johnston, J., Barratt, M.J., Fry, C.L., Kinner, S., Stoove, M., Degenhardt, L., George, J., Jenkinson, R., Dunn, M, & Bruno, R. (2006). A survey of regular ‘ecstasy’ users’ knowledge and practices around determining pill content and purity: Implications for policy and practice. International Journal of Drug Policy, 17 (6), 464 – 472.
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Page 1:
National Amphetamine-Type Stimulant
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ii Acknowledgments This research wo
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iv Table of contents Acknowledgemen
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vi List of tables Table 1.1: Amphet
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viii
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2 The NDS framework and the Law Enf
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4 Table 1.1: Amphetamine-type stimu
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6 particularly on the Pacific Coast
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8 Figure 1.1: MDMA (ecstasy) tablet
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10 a 10-year period. While some of
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12 Figure 1.4: Forms of methampheta
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14 Figure 1.5: Median purity of met
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16 As noted, the route of administr
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18 Chapter 2: Setting the Context T
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20 Figure 2.2: Prevalence of ecstas
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22 19 years (Dunn et al., 2007). Th
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24 The use of MDMA among police det
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26 this survey is conducted with th
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28 models might be useful. On the o
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30 the questionnaire in February 20
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32 2.5 Summary According to the lat
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34 anxiety, agitation, tremor, teet
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36 may be stronger than the link wi
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38 Srisurapanot and colleagues (200
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40 Psychiatric problems appear to o
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42 In 2005, there was a total of 68
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44 The most recent EDRS survey foun
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46 same reasons they use the drugs
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48 Shoptaw and Reback (2007) review
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50 It has also been speculated that
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52 Parental ATS use In addition to
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54 The Minnesota Department of Heal
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56 Chapter 4: Prevention and Harm R
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58 should cover the full range of d
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60 specific drug (Spoth et al., 200
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62 be applied regularly and systema
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64 Strategies targeting vulnerable
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66 Examples of particular periods t
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68 At-risk workplaces There is incr
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70 The consultation forum with Abor
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72 young people was noted in the su
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74 and/or others); mental health ef
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76 of the fact that frequently peop
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78 Sexual risk behaviour is a furth
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80 • Cleaning up; • Transport o
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82 Assessing the risks of illicitly
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84 4.4 Challenges of applying preve
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86 but a number of studies are now
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88 The pack included a video, train
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90 Chapter 5: Treatment and Service
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92 to the occurrence of amphetamine
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94 In relation to the need for spec
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96 These studies replicate earlier
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98 addressed not only the drug user
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100 Research conducted in the subse
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102 users, data that may be general
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104 that limit brain exposure to me
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106 only significant difference was
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108 through the use of antipsychoti
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110 to develop the capacity of the
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112 It was also suggested that link
Page 124 and 125: 114 as new evidence emerges. New ps
Page 126 and 127: 116 border in 2000 (McKetin et al.,
Page 128 and 129: 118 Table 6.1: Number of clandestin
Page 130 and 131: 120 Table 6.2: Examples of domestic
Page 132 and 133: 122 Tasmania In 2004, strengthened
Page 134 and 135: 124 Recommendations from the consul
Page 136 and 137: 126 Although there are a number of
Page 138 and 139: 128 illegal drugs. When incarcerate
Page 140 and 141: 130 heroin) (Payne et al., 2007). I
Page 142 and 143: 132 Some examples of diversion prog
Page 144 and 145: 134 Other research has compared psy
Page 146 and 147: 136 Rehabilitation in Corrections T
Page 148 and 149: 138 Synthetic Drugs measure will im
Page 150 and 151: 140 • Stealing from motor vehicle
Page 152 and 153: 142 criminal offences There continu
Page 154 and 155: 144 • Increase international coll
Page 156 and 157: 146 • Ensuring offence and penalt
Page 158 and 159: 148 Law enforcement agencies are pl
Page 160 and 161: 150 Appendix 1 National consultatio
Page 162 and 163: 152 Appendix 2 Written submissions
Page 164 and 165: 154 Australian Institute of Health
Page 166 and 167: 156 Bowers, J. & Johnson, S. (2003)
Page 168 and 169: 158 Crits-Christoph, P., Siqueland,
Page 170 and 171: 160 Drug & Alcohol Services South A
Page 172 and 173: 162 Halkitis, P.N., Parsons, J.T.,
Page 176 and 177: 166 Leek, L., Seneque, D., & Ward,
Page 178 and 179: 168 McKetin, R., McLaren, J., Kelly
Page 180 and 181: 170 NSW Health (2006). Psychostimul
Page 182 and 183: 172 Ressler, K.J., & Nemeroff, C.B.
Page 184 and 185: 174 Small, W., Kerr, T., Charette,
Page 186 and 187: 176 United Nations Office for Drug
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Page 190: 180
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