National Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Strategy Background Paper

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168 McKetin, R., McLaren, J., Kelly, E., Hall, W., & Hickman, M. (2005). Estimating the number of regular and dependent methamphetamine users in Australia. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Technical Report no. 230, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney. McKetin, R., McLaren, J., Lubman, D.I., & Hides, L. (2006a). The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among methamphetamine users. Addiction, 101, 1473-1478. McKetin, R., McLaren, J., Riddell, S., & Robins, L. (2006b). The relationship between methamphetamine use and violent behaviour. Crime and Justice Bulletin, 97, 1-15. Meyer, L., & Cahill, H. (2004). Principles for School Drug Education. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training. Midford, R., & Munro, G. (2006). Drug Education in Schools: Searching for the Silver Bullet. Melbourne: IP Communications. Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy. (2004). The National Drug Strategy: Australia’s Integrated Framework 2004–2009. Commonwealth of Australia. Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy Joint Communique (2007). National Leadership Forum on Ice – Compendium of Jurisdictional Achievements. http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov. au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/mcds-16may07-communique Minnesota Department of Health. (2002). Response to Clandestine Drug Labs. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Health, Division of Environmental Health, Site Assessment and Consultation Unit. Molitor, F., Ruiz, J.D., Flynn, N., Mikanda, J.N., Sun, R.K., & Anderson, R. (1999). Methamphetamine use and sexual and injection risk behaviors among out-of-treatment injection drug users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25 (3), 475-493. Moore, D. (1992). Recreational Drug Use, with Particular Reference to Amphetamines, Ecstasy and LSD, Amongst a Social Network of Young People in Perth, Western Australia. Perth: National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology. Mundy, J. (2001). Methamphetamines a growing epidemic? Connexions, April/May, 2-6. Morgan, M.J. (2000). Ecstasy (MDMA): A review of its possible persistent psychological effects. Psychopharmacology, 15, 230-248. Mouzos, J., Hind, H., Smith, L. & Adams, K. (2007). Drug use monitoring in Australia 2006: Annual report on drug use among police detainees. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Mouzos, J., Smith, L., & Hind, H. (2006). Drug use monitoring in Australia: 2005 Annual report on drug use among police detainees. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Murray, R. A., Doering, P. L., Boothby, L. A., Merves, M. L., McCusker, R. R., Chronister, C. W. & Goldberger, B.A. (2003). Putting an ecstasy test kit to the test: Harm reduction or harm induction? Pharmacotherapy, 23(10), 1238-1244.
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Page 1:
National Amphetamine-Type Stimulant
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ii Acknowledgments This research wo
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iv Table of contents Acknowledgemen
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vi List of tables Table 1.1: Amphet
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viii
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2 The NDS framework and the Law Enf
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4 Table 1.1: Amphetamine-type stimu
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6 particularly on the Pacific Coast
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8 Figure 1.1: MDMA (ecstasy) tablet
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10 a 10-year period. While some of
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12 Figure 1.4: Forms of methampheta
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14 Figure 1.5: Median purity of met
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16 As noted, the route of administr
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18 Chapter 2: Setting the Context T
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20 Figure 2.2: Prevalence of ecstas
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22 19 years (Dunn et al., 2007). Th
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24 The use of MDMA among police det
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26 this survey is conducted with th
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28 models might be useful. On the o
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30 the questionnaire in February 20
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32 2.5 Summary According to the lat
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34 anxiety, agitation, tremor, teet
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36 may be stronger than the link wi
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38 Srisurapanot and colleagues (200
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40 Psychiatric problems appear to o
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42 In 2005, there was a total of 68
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44 The most recent EDRS survey foun
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46 same reasons they use the drugs
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48 Shoptaw and Reback (2007) review
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50 It has also been speculated that
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52 Parental ATS use In addition to
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54 The Minnesota Department of Heal
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56 Chapter 4: Prevention and Harm R
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58 should cover the full range of d
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60 specific drug (Spoth et al., 200
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62 be applied regularly and systema
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64 Strategies targeting vulnerable
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66 Examples of particular periods t
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68 At-risk workplaces There is incr
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70 The consultation forum with Abor
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72 young people was noted in the su
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74 and/or others); mental health ef
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76 of the fact that frequently peop
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78 Sexual risk behaviour is a furth
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80 • Cleaning up; • Transport o
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82 Assessing the risks of illicitly
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84 4.4 Challenges of applying preve
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86 but a number of studies are now
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88 The pack included a video, train
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90 Chapter 5: Treatment and Service
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92 to the occurrence of amphetamine
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94 In relation to the need for spec
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96 These studies replicate earlier
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98 addressed not only the drug user
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100 Research conducted in the subse
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102 users, data that may be general
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104 that limit brain exposure to me
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106 only significant difference was
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108 through the use of antipsychoti
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110 to develop the capacity of the
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112 It was also suggested that link
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114 as new evidence emerges. New ps
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116 border in 2000 (McKetin et al.,
Page 128 and 129: 118 Table 6.1: Number of clandestin
Page 130 and 131: 120 Table 6.2: Examples of domestic
Page 132 and 133: 122 Tasmania In 2004, strengthened
Page 134 and 135: 124 Recommendations from the consul
Page 136 and 137: 126 Although there are a number of
Page 138 and 139: 128 illegal drugs. When incarcerate
Page 140 and 141: 130 heroin) (Payne et al., 2007). I
Page 142 and 143: 132 Some examples of diversion prog
Page 144 and 145: 134 Other research has compared psy
Page 146 and 147: 136 Rehabilitation in Corrections T
Page 148 and 149: 138 Synthetic Drugs measure will im
Page 150 and 151: 140 • Stealing from motor vehicle
Page 152 and 153: 142 criminal offences There continu
Page 154 and 155: 144 • Increase international coll
Page 156 and 157: 146 • Ensuring offence and penalt
Page 158 and 159: 148 Law enforcement agencies are pl
Page 160 and 161: 150 Appendix 1 National consultatio
Page 162 and 163: 152 Appendix 2 Written submissions
Page 164 and 165: 154 Australian Institute of Health
Page 166 and 167: 156 Bowers, J. & Johnson, S. (2003)
Page 168 and 169: 158 Crits-Christoph, P., Siqueland,
Page 170 and 171: 160 Drug & Alcohol Services South A
Page 172 and 173: 162 Halkitis, P.N., Parsons, J.T.,
Page 174 and 175: 164 Hull, P., Rawstorne, P., Zablot
Page 176 and 177: 166 Leek, L., Seneque, D., & Ward,
Page 180 and 181: 170 NSW Health (2006). Psychostimul
Page 182 and 183: 172 Ressler, K.J., & Nemeroff, C.B.
Page 184 and 185: 174 Small, W., Kerr, T., Charette,
Page 186 and 187: 176 United Nations Office for Drug
Page 188 and 189: 178
Page 190: 180
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