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TABLE 1. Age Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 29 30 Totals 1964 No. 41 4 17 83 6 1 1 5 1 3 1 3 — 1 1 — — — — 1 1 1 — — 99 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF ADULT BLACK BEARS SAMPLED FROM THE ADIRONDACKS, 1964-1968, BY AGE AND YEAR OF HARVEST.* Per cent 41.5 4.0 17.2 8.1 3.0 6.1 1.0 1.0 5.1 1.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 — 1.0 1.0 — —— — 1.0 1.0 1.0 — — 100.0 1965 No. 5 30 898 4 2 7 22 1 — 111 2 — — — — — — 11 — 85 Per cent 5.9 35.4 9.4 10.6 9.4 4.7 2.3 8.2 2.3 2.3 1.2 — 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.3 — — — — — — 1.2 1.2 — 100.0 1966 No. 41 6 24 38 2 3 5 — 4 — 2 3 — 1 — 3 1 — 1 2 1 1 — — 111 Per cent 37.0 5.4 21.6 2.7 7.2 1.8 2.7 4.5 — 3.6 — 1.8 2.7 — 0.9 — 2.7 0.9 — 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.9 — — 100.0 1967 No. 7 20 423 2 5 7 — 3 2 — 131 1 — 2 — — — — — — 1 64 Per cent 10.9 31.2 6.3 3.1 4.7 3.1 7.8 10.9 — 4.7 3.1 — 1.6 4.7 1.6 1.6 — 3.1 — — — — — — 1.6 100.0 1968 * This table include/3 216 males, 193 females, and 12 bears of unknown sex. No. 19 5 11 27 — 1 4 33 — 4 — — — — 2 — — — — — 1 — — 62 Per cent 30.7 8.1 17.7 3.2 11.3 — 1.6 6.5 4.8 4.8 — 6.5 — — — — 3.2 — — — — — 1.6 — — 100:0 percent for 1964, 1966 and 1968 and 12 age class 3 bears or 8.0 percent for 1965 and 1967. Figure 1 shows that high cub productivity during 1963, 1965 and 1967 directly influenced the number of yearlings present in the population 1964, 1966 and 1968. The high number of 3½ year olds in 1964 presupposed high cub production in 1961. For example, from Figure 1 it can be seen that the contribution of the 1963 year class made up 41. 5 percent of the 1964 sample (age class 1), 35.4 percent of the 1965 sample (age class 2), 21.6 percent of the 1966 sample (age class 3), 3.1 percent of the 1967 sample (age class 4) and 11.3 percent of the 1968 sample (age class 5). In the total five year sample of 421 bears, there were 104 bears or 24.7 percent from the 1963 year class. 201
Fig. 1 The contribution of year classes to the annual harvest sample. 202 Fig. 2 Black Bear Harvest from Adirondack Region— New York State.
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IUCN Publications new series No. 23
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I n t he bear park on Hokkai do. (P
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Bear Proceedings © IUCN, Morges, S
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Contents Introduction to the biolog
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Introduction to the Biology and Man
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National parks in the United States
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Dr. Krott studied the behaviour of
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LENTFER, J. W., HENSEL, R. J., MILL
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PANEL 1: THE ECOLOGY, POPULATION CH
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dary. This procedure has the advant
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TABLE 2. ACTIVITY AREA DATA FROM FO
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found along adjacent foothills. Low
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numerous census techniques and in m
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SEX RATIOS There was no significant
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HARTLEY, H. O. 1958. Maximum likeli
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to the grizzlies, soapberry (Shephe
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In an area of approximately 500 squ
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cruises of known mileage by foot an
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156 miles on the Sugar lands route
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From a total of 92 survey forms dis
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Fig. 1 Location of standard canine
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TABLE 2. PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION
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FIG. 2. Age structure of the 1967 b
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However, certain relationships were
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head from these bears. Commission p
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Fig. 1. Distribution of 1969 grizzl
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TABLE 4. ANNUAL HARVEST OF GRIZZLY
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on an offal pile or on a deer or el
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An undetermined species of hookworm
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Providing information to personnel
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Fig. 1 Distribution and abundance o
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still winter conditions. On emergin
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utting time were in an exhausted st
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ut recent information is lacking. F
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Simultaneously the isolated souther
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CONSERVATION The brown bear is not
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F. Craighead. In the Yellowstone po
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PANEL 2: DENNING—CONTROL MECHANIS
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Fig. 1 Radio location system Fig. 2
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neck diameter by inserting two scre
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Fig. 5 Bearings of transmitter sign
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TABLE 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE
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TABLE 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF INACTIV
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Fig. 7 Location of den of No. 40 by
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Fig. 10 Den of sow No. 40 (1966), s
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the cave, she could discourage unso
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emained in the den. In late afterno
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Our observations reveal that mature
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, , 1971. Biotelemetry Research wit
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winter denning of bears to allow an
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Fig. 1 View of den excavated by bla
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from the earth as a heat sink to th
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DENNING OF POLAR BEARS Conditions T
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Fig. 6 Polar bear maximum and minim
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and experiments of Whalen (1965) ar
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throughout the year on wild caught
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Fig. 9 EKG intervals of mammals. No
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SOUTH, F. E. & HOUSE, W. A. 1967. E
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willow and grasses in mountainous a
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TABLE 1. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF
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TABLE 3. DIMENSIONS IN FEET OF 26 B
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Fig. 2 Three den types: (A) atypica
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to 40°F; nice clear high pressure
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around that you could equate to a p
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Infra-r
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projection on a screen or on photog
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Further
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RESULTS A major polar bear winter d
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A small number of denned adults wit
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Fig. 6 A winter den of a female and
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Page 149 and 150: gravel areas shallow dens are dug l
Page 151 and 152: Fig. 11 Diagram of a typical deep b
Page 153 and 154: DISCUSSION The winter polar bear de
Page 155 and 156: Even the winter dens differ from th
Page 157 and 158: Until 1970, the following major law
Page 159 and 160: He states that there is a connectio
Page 161 and 162: 7. LÖNÖ, O. 1970. Norsk Polarinst
Page 163 and 164: Polar pack ice covers the central p
Page 165 and 166: POLAR BEAR DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION
Page 167 and 168: from the vicinity of Wrangel Island
Page 169 and 170: PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Immobil
Page 171 and 172: After firing we kept watch over the
Page 173 and 174: RESULTS Results of the experiments
Page 175 and 176: } Duration of immobilization; comme
Page 177 and 178: One attempt was made to immobilize
Page 179 and 180: BREEDING ECOLOGY General informatio
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 1 The Drem-Head mountains, an
Page 183 and 184: TABLE 2. DISTRIBUTION OF DENS ACCOR
Page 185 and 186: Fig. 5 Structure of 6 dens: 1. (a)
Page 187 and 188: Fig. 7 Interior of den, showing cla
Page 189 and 190: We were lucky to observe three time
Page 191 and 192: In the upper reaches of the Neozhid
Page 193 and 194: In good weather, opened dens with s
Page 195 and 196: PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES SUMMARY
Page 197: not be done, the hunter was given a
Page 201 and 202: DISCUSSION Fluctuations in bear har
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES FREE, S.& SAUER, P.R. 19
Page 205 and 206: the primate temporal lobe which is
Page 207 and 208: Fig. 1 The two cubs sucking on the
Page 209 and 210: Kit drank more on only 15. In June
Page 211 and 212: would immediately show interest, co
Page 213 and 214: Fig. 5 Resting self-play with branc
Page 215 and 216: A highly developed greeting ceremon
Page 217 and 218: KROTT, P. & KROTT, G. 1963. Zum Ver
Page 219 and 220: EVOLUTION OF BLACK BEARS AND THE BR
Page 221 and 222: they did not in general cease their
Page 223 and 224: Fig. 4 Fig. 3 226
Page 225 and 226: Many field observations suggest tha
Page 227 and 228: groups even with very frequent dump
Page 229 and 230: PANEL 4: BEAR BEHAVIOUR Social Beha
Page 231 and 232: The capture and tagging of 13 bears
Page 233 and 234: TABLE 3. SOCIAL RANK OF 22 BEARS OB
Page 235 and 236: TABLE 4. BEHAVIOR COMPONENTS OF BEA
Page 237 and 238: Fig 5 Bear 'confronting' an opponen
Page 239 and 240: Bears at the falls minimized compet
Page 241 and 242: the same manner as Mr. Stonorov obs
Page 243 and 244: males have their way. I'd say this,
Page 245 and 246: my way back to camp and I'd carried
Page 247 and 248: ears in Montana. It was masked by g
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ears like that, the subadults, usua
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The second observation I want to ma
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In the summer of 1969,Mr.Carlye Bla
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TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC
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TABLE 3. KNOWLEDGE OF BLACK BEAR FO
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conception of the size of the black
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Occupation Occupation was not relat
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TABLE 6. ATTITUDE TOWARD ANIMALS IN
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The Elkmont campers were most conce
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TABLE 9. VISITOR ATTITUDE CONCERNIN
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TABLE 12. ANSWERS OF VISITORS TO QU
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PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS Pre
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number of visitors per year was abo
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TABLE 1. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAMP
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that fed at a dump. Weaned young, s
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TABLE 3. RECORDS ON GRIZZLY-CAUSED
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Canyon. Other coinciding circumstan
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number of intrusions into park deve
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REFERENCES CRAIGHEAD, J. J., HORNOC
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Glacier National Park Glacier Natio
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settlements in the park. Arthur Whe
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will be summarised here to provide
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C.P.R. 1889. Fishing and Shooting o
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Much later, in 1875, George Bird Gr
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its community. In other words, its
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COUES, Elliott (Ed.) 1965a. New lig
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PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS Gri
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to and after this month. Our census
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They have shaped and are integrally
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individually and quantitatively doc
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ecome thoroughly conditioned to man
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National Park Service Report, 'Griz
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This just equals the average annual
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has helped the sanitation problem.
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3 years of phase-out (Table 7). Thu
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TABLE 8. CAMPGROUND CAPTURES OF FIV
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TABLE 9. DISPERSAL OF 34 COLOR-MARK
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Fig. 6 Dispersal of 34 marked and t
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Fig. 10 A grizzly individually mark
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No. 8 moved 14 airline miles to the
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CRAIGHEAD, J. J. & CRAIGHEAD, F. C.
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PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS SUM
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ears present the least conflict wit
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een marked. This could be done alon
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spring and fall and so in a way it
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that we would have too much difficu
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and southward into the Mizo Hills a
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now but a relict population, is und
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This suggests a population of close
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Yoho, Kootenay and Glacier National
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support approximately 3, 300 bears
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Natural mortality is estimated at a
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TABLE 2. BLACK BEAR GAME STATUS STA
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TABLE 3. KILL FIGURES FOR BLACK BEA
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The research already undertaken has
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smallest takes is 11 bears from a t
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transplant or into zoos may have to
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HATLER,D. F. 1967. Some aspects in
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Index Figures in bold type are rele
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INDEX OF OTHERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN
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Bears - IUCN

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