Bears - IUCN

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PULLIAINEN, E. 1971. The number of bear (Ursus arctos) and lynx (Lynx lynx) killed in Finland in 1969. Suomen Riista 23: 147-151. SCHALLER, G. B. 1967. The deer and the tiger. U.Chicago Press. 370 pp. 1969. Food habits of the Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) in Dachigam sanctuary, Kashmir. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66(1): 156-159. SIMON N. 1966. Red Data Book, Mammalia. I.U.C.N. Morges, Switzerland, open pagination. SMITH, J. 1969. Annual report of the Commissioner of the Yukon Territory. Ottawa, 1969. pp. 1-37. TROYER, W. A.& HENSEL, R. J. 1964. Structure and distribution of a Kodiak bear population. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 28(4): 769-772. USPENSKI, S. M. 1969. Hunting of the polar bear in the north of Eurasia in XVHI-XX centuries. In The polar bear and its conservation in the Soviet Arctic. Ministry of Agric. USSR. 1969. pp. 122-141. & SHILNIKOV, V. J. 1969. Distribution and numbers of the polar bear in the arctic according to the data of the ice surveys. In The polar bear and its conservation in the Soviet Arctic. 1969. Ministry of Agric. USSR. pp. 89-102. VERESTCHAGIN, N. K. 1967. Brown Bear in the USSR. Proc. VIIth Int. Congr. Game Biol., Ljubljana. WAKEFIELD,G.C. & LINDZEY,J.S. 1969. Black bear in the east. Penn. Game News. 1969: 19-21. WAKEFIELD,G.C. 1969. Movements, habitat and population characteristics of American black bear in Pennsylvania. M.Sc. Thesis, Penn. State U. pp.95. WHITE, D. L. 1965. New Hampshire bear kill 1956-65. Pittman Robertson Proj.W-12-R, 7pp. mimeo. 1969. 1969 bear kill, Pittman Robertson Proj. W-12-R. 4 pp. mimeo. 367
Index Figures in bold type are relevant to papers CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS WHOSE PAPERS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME: BERNS, Mr. Vernon D. U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Kodiak, Alaska, U.S.A. Pages 19-25, 81, 82, 125-132 BROOKS, Mr. James W. U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Division of Wildlife Research, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.A. Pages 138-141, 198 BURGHARDT, Dr. Gordon Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A. Pages 82, 207-220, 243, 244, 250, 255-273 COLE, Mr. Glen F. Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming, U.S.A. Pages 274-288, 334, 338, 340 COWAN, Dr. I. McTaggart Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Pages 82, 134, 250, 251, 334, 343-367 CRAIGHEAD, Dr. Frank C., Jr. State University of New York, Albany, N.Y. and Environmental Research Institute, Box 156, Moose, Wyoming, U.S.A. Pages 81, 82, 84-106, 133, 134, 136, 137, 198, 246, 247, 248, 250, 304-332, 338 CRAIGHEAD, Dr. John. J. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, U.S.A. Pages 82, 84-106, 134, 135, 244, 245, 246, 304-332, 336-7, 338, 339, 341 FOLK, Dr. G. Edgar, Jr. Department of Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A. Pages 107-124, 135, 136, 137, 252, 340 FREE, Mr. Stuart New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, New York, U.S.A. Pages 199-206, 249, 254 GREER, Mr. Kenneth R. Montana Fish and Game Department, 608 S. Grand, Bozeman, Montana, U.S.A. Pages 53-66 HENSEL, Mr. Richard J. U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Kodiak, Alaska, U.S.A. Pages 19-25, 125-132, 134, 136 HERRERO, Dr. Stephen Environmental Sciences Centre (Kananaskis), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Pages 11-18, 135, 221-231, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 337, 338, 340, 342 368
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IUCN Publications new series No. 23
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I n t he bear park on Hokkai do. (P
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Bear Proceedings © IUCN, Morges, S
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Contents Introduction to the biolog
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Introduction to the Biology and Man
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National parks in the United States
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Dr. Krott studied the behaviour of
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LENTFER, J. W., HENSEL, R. J., MILL
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PANEL 1: THE ECOLOGY, POPULATION CH
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dary. This procedure has the advant
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TABLE 2. ACTIVITY AREA DATA FROM FO
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found along adjacent foothills. Low
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numerous census techniques and in m
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SEX RATIOS There was no significant
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HARTLEY, H. O. 1958. Maximum likeli
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to the grizzlies, soapberry (Shephe
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In an area of approximately 500 squ
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cruises of known mileage by foot an
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156 miles on the Sugar lands route
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From a total of 92 survey forms dis
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Fig. 1 Location of standard canine
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TABLE 2. PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION
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FIG. 2. Age structure of the 1967 b
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However, certain relationships were
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head from these bears. Commission p
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Fig. 1. Distribution of 1969 grizzl
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TABLE 4. ANNUAL HARVEST OF GRIZZLY
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on an offal pile or on a deer or el
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An undetermined species of hookworm
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Providing information to personnel
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Fig. 1 Distribution and abundance o
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still winter conditions. On emergin
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utting time were in an exhausted st
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ut recent information is lacking. F
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Simultaneously the isolated souther
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CONSERVATION The brown bear is not
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F. Craighead. In the Yellowstone po
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PANEL 2: DENNING—CONTROL MECHANIS
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Fig. 1 Radio location system Fig. 2
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neck diameter by inserting two scre
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Fig. 5 Bearings of transmitter sign
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TABLE 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE
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TABLE 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF INACTIV
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Fig. 7 Location of den of No. 40 by
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Fig. 10 Den of sow No. 40 (1966), s
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the cave, she could discourage unso
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emained in the den. In late afterno
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Our observations reveal that mature
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, , 1971. Biotelemetry Research wit
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winter denning of bears to allow an
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Fig. 1 View of den excavated by bla
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from the earth as a heat sink to th
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DENNING OF POLAR BEARS Conditions T
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Fig. 6 Polar bear maximum and minim
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and experiments of Whalen (1965) ar
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throughout the year on wild caught
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Fig. 9 EKG intervals of mammals. No
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SOUTH, F. E. & HOUSE, W. A. 1967. E
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willow and grasses in mountainous a
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TABLE 1. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF
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TABLE 3. DIMENSIONS IN FEET OF 26 B
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Fig. 2 Three den types: (A) atypica
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to 40°F; nice clear high pressure
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around that you could equate to a p
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Infra-r
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projection on a screen or on photog
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Further
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RESULTS A major polar bear winter d
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A small number of denned adults wit
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Fig. 6 A winter den of a female and
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ears has never been reported outsid
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gravel areas shallow dens are dug l
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Fig. 11 Diagram of a typical deep b
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DISCUSSION The winter polar bear de
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Even the winter dens differ from th
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Until 1970, the following major law
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He states that there is a connectio
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7. LÖNÖ, O. 1970. Norsk Polarinst
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Polar pack ice covers the central p
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POLAR BEAR DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION
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from the vicinity of Wrangel Island
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES Immobil
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After firing we kept watch over the
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RESULTS Results of the experiments
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} Duration of immobilization; comme
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One attempt was made to immobilize
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BREEDING ECOLOGY General informatio
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Fig. 1 The Drem-Head mountains, an
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TABLE 2. DISTRIBUTION OF DENS ACCOR
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Fig. 5 Structure of 6 dens: 1. (a)
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Fig. 7 Interior of den, showing cla
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We were lucky to observe three time
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In the upper reaches of the Neozhid
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In good weather, opened dens with s
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PANEL 3: POLAR BEAR STUDIES SUMMARY
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not be done, the hunter was given a
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Fig. 1 The contribution of year cla
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DISCUSSION Fluctuations in bear har
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REFERENCES FREE, S.& SAUER, P.R. 19
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the primate temporal lobe which is
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Fig. 1 The two cubs sucking on the
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Kit drank more on only 15. In June
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would immediately show interest, co
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Fig. 5 Resting self-play with branc
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A highly developed greeting ceremon
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KROTT, P. & KROTT, G. 1963. Zum Ver
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EVOLUTION OF BLACK BEARS AND THE BR
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they did not in general cease their
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Fig. 4 Fig. 3 226
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Many field observations suggest tha
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groups even with very frequent dump
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PANEL 4: BEAR BEHAVIOUR Social Beha
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The capture and tagging of 13 bears
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TABLE 3. SOCIAL RANK OF 22 BEARS OB
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TABLE 4. BEHAVIOR COMPONENTS OF BEA
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Fig 5 Bear 'confronting' an opponen
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Bears at the falls minimized compet
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the same manner as Mr. Stonorov obs
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males have their way. I'd say this,
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my way back to camp and I'd carried
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ears in Montana. It was masked by g
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ears like that, the subadults, usua
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The second observation I want to ma
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In the summer of 1969,Mr.Carlye Bla
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TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC
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TABLE 3. KNOWLEDGE OF BLACK BEAR FO
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conception of the size of the black
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Occupation Occupation was not relat
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TABLE 6. ATTITUDE TOWARD ANIMALS IN
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The Elkmont campers were most conce
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TABLE 9. VISITOR ATTITUDE CONCERNIN
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TABLE 12. ANSWERS OF VISITORS TO QU
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PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS Pre
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number of visitors per year was abo
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TABLE 1. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAMP
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that fed at a dump. Weaned young, s
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TABLE 3. RECORDS ON GRIZZLY-CAUSED
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Canyon. Other coinciding circumstan
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number of intrusions into park deve
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REFERENCES CRAIGHEAD, J. J., HORNOC
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Glacier National Park Glacier Natio
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settlements in the park. Arthur Whe
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will be summarised here to provide
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C.P.R. 1889. Fishing and Shooting o
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Much later, in 1875, George Bird Gr
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its community. In other words, its
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COUES, Elliott (Ed.) 1965a. New lig
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PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS Gri
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to and after this month. Our census
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They have shaped and are integrally
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individually and quantitatively doc
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ecome thoroughly conditioned to man
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National Park Service Report, 'Griz
Page 313 and 314: This just equals the average annual
Page 315 and 316: has helped the sanitation problem.
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Page 319 and 320: TABLE 8. CAMPGROUND CAPTURES OF FIV
Page 321 and 322: TABLE 9. DISPERSAL OF 34 COLOR-MARK
Page 323 and 324: Fig. 6 Dispersal of 34 marked and t
Page 325 and 326: Fig. 10 A grizzly individually mark
Page 327 and 328: No. 8 moved 14 airline miles to the
Page 329 and 330: CRAIGHEAD, J. J. & CRAIGHEAD, F. C.
Page 331 and 332: PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS SUM
Page 333 and 334: ears present the least conflict wit
Page 335 and 336: een marked. This could be done alon
Page 337 and 338: spring and fall and so in a way it
Page 339 and 340: that we would have too much difficu
Page 341 and 342: and southward into the Mizo Hills a
Page 343 and 344: now but a relict population, is und
Page 345 and 346: This suggests a population of close
Page 347 and 348: Yoho, Kootenay and Glacier National
Page 349 and 350: support approximately 3, 300 bears
Page 351 and 352: Natural mortality is estimated at a
Page 353 and 354: TABLE 2. BLACK BEAR GAME STATUS STA
Page 355 and 356: TABLE 3. KILL FIGURES FOR BLACK BEA
Page 357 and 358: The research already undertaken has
Page 359 and 360: smallest takes is 11 bears from a t
Page 361 and 362: transplant or into zoos may have to
Page 363: HATLER,D. F. 1967. Some aspects in
Page 367 and 368: INDEX OF OTHERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN
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