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94 tle lizard, Amlb caroliocnsis. Endocr. 94: 541-547. Cxews, D. and L. J. Yourg (191). Pseudompulation in nature in a rmrsexual whiptail lizard. Arin. Behav:, in press, Deeming D. C. and M. W. Ferguson (1988). Edvironmental regulation of sex det€rmination in reptiles. Pbil. Trans. R. S.Irnd B3tZ.1939. Ewert, M. A. and G. E. Nelson (1991). Sex detemination in turtles: Diverse patteris and some possible adaptive values. Cop€ia 19t 50 - 69. cutzke, W. H. N. a.nd J. J. Bull (1986). Steroid horeonos reve$e sex ir turtles. Cen. Comp. Endocr' (A:ffi-172. Gutz€, W. H. N. ard D. Crews. (1988) Incubation temperature determines adult sexuality in a reptile. Nature 332832-83. Joanen, T., L. MN€as€, atrd M. \ry. J. Ferguson (1987). The effects of egg incubation teruperature on post-hatching growth of american aligators. In Wildlife managemenl crocodiles and aligators. ed. G. J. W. webb, S. C. Manolis and P. J. wlitehea4 Surrey Beatty ard Soff, Chipping Norloo, NSw' pps. 533.5Y. Lang, J. W. (1%7). Crocodialian thermal selection. In Wildlife Management: Crccodiles ard atligators. ed. G. Grigg, R. Shine ard E. Ebnann, Surry Beatty and Sons, Chipping NortoD, NSW, pps. 301-3f. Linpus, C. (1981. A study of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, ir eastern Austraita. Udversity of Queensland, Brisbanq Australia. Mrosowky, N., P. H. Dutton, a.nd C. P. Whitmore (198aa). Sex ratios of two speoes of sea turtles ne,stiig in Suriname. C. J . z,ool, A, zzn - 7239. Mrosovslq, N. and J. Provalcha (1989). Sox ratio of loggerhead sea hutles hatchi4 on a Florida beach. C.I.zaol67t2533- 39. Ratnaud, A. and C. Pieau (1985). Embryonic development of the genital s'stem. In Biology of the Reptiiia. ed. C. Gans and F. Billet, Joho Wiley and Sons, New York, pps. 149-300. Wibbets, T., R. E. Marth, D. W. Owerq and J. Max S. Amoss (191). Female-biased sex ratio of immature loggerhead sea turtles inlabiting the Adantic coastal waters of Florida. Can. J. Zool. wibb€ls, T. R., J. J. Bu[, and D. Crews (191). Cbronolory of temperature-dopendent sex detennination. J. Exp. Zool. 2fi13'l l-331. Wibbels, T. R., J. J. Bu4 and D. Cresrs (199). Steroid ioduccd Male sex Detemination in ad Amniotic vertebrate. J EJ( Zoo,' 2t45&57, wiqfiel4 J. c., T. P. Hahn, R. l-€vin, and P. Horcy (191). Environmental predictabifty and control of gonadal cydes in birds. J. Exp. Zool. id press.
95 GROWTH RATES AND BODY CONDITION FACTORS FOR ALLIGATORS IN COASTAL LOUISIANA WETLANDS: A COMPARISON OF WILD AND FARM-RELEASED JUVENILES Ruth M. Elsey, Ted Joanen and l-arry McNease Louisiaoa Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Route 1, Box 20-B Grand Chenier, louisiana 70643 and Noel Kinler Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Route 4, Box 78 New Iberia, Louisiana 70560 Gro*.th rates and body condition factors for native wild and captive-raised juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippierJir) tbal had been released tothe wild were studied usiDg tag-recapture methods for 274 alligators over a four-year period. Alligators were grouped by sex, size class, source (farm-released vs. native wild), and as to whettrer they had overwintered or not. In most groups, the farm-released alligators grew significantly better than wild alligators matched for sex and size; in the remaining groups the post-release alligators grew as well as their counterparts, though not better. Overwintering tended to slow groMh rates in both groups, but farm-released alligatoE still demotrstrated superior growth over native wild-alligators even after overwintering Males tended to grow fast€r than females, though this trend was not always significaqdy greater. In no matched group did femalis grow faster than males. GroMh rates diminished with increasing size class in native wild alligato$ (smaller alligators grew faster). but in farm-releaied alligators growth rates remained accelerated even at the lalger size classes. Growth curves were constructed usin€ ktown recapture data with three groMh models (von Bertlanf$, Gompertz, and logistic); the calculated maximum atlaitrable length and growth parameters were significantly larger (p
Page 1 and 2:
CROCODILES Proc€€dings of the l
Page 3:
FOREWORD The two volumes of this PR
Page 6 and 7:
Elsey, R M, McNease, L & Joanen, T:
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CFAZ CIIAIRMAN'S OPENING COMMENTS F
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PRESENTATION FROM THE MINISTER OF E
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Fitting Curves to crocodilian Aqe-s
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7 a.set of uniforrn random nunbers.
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2. VON BERTAI"ANFFY MODEL FOR GROWT
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11 The -following four tables give
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UNIFoRU sarnpling MEDfUM sahpl ing
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15 Sectior IV: Actual Croc Data, l,
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1'l (ii) Linear regressron. same ra
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1,9 rejecting nufl hypotheses that
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21 Brisbin, I.L., Jr., c.c. White,
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Iength lthich corresponds to the ni
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25 Because of lack of funds Eo carr
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27 Despite the fact that during a p
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29 FIGURE N9 2 BLACK CAIIIAN POPULA
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I'Effect of diets conplenented vith
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3i Two of the 6 x 2 m. tanks four e
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: .i ; -3, E .-1 t FFdF !_9 + + + +
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10 Table IV : fl aernathological Re
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4l 4.- CONCLUSIoNS 1) The most favo
Page 49 and 50: 43 THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL COMMUNI
Page 51 and 52: 45 the rainy season and, in conhast
Page 53 and 54: 47 difficulties and the isolation o
Page 55 and 56: 49 Eacb time that one of the villag
Page 57 and 58: 51 CONCLUSION Naturally, these rcsu
Page 59 and 60: 53 LONG-TERM POPUT-A.TION S'ruDIES
Page 61 and 62: 55 'Ile study reporled here was des
Page 63 and 64: 5'7 made of transmilteFequjpped ndm
Page 65 and 66: 59 wilhin the reservoir was lypific
Page 67 and 68: 6l However the use of such winter d
Page 69 and 70: 6.1 surface to breathe (Kellogg 192
Page 71 and 72: 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was su
Page 73 and 74: Murphy, T. M., P. M. Wilkinson, J-
Page 75 and 76: 69 t 3 ^ 3 :9s 3P o ;x !B 'rr.l9 3e
Page 77 and 78: 7l FoDd B + i Poud C I Pltllr. l. U
Page 79 and 80: 73 9 October 1991 L t' I L t' 26 Ma
Page 81 and 82: 75 80 -r- 1987-88 + 1991-92 t -40 .
Page 83 and 84: 77 GROWTH RAIE OF CAIMAN (Caiman cr
Page 85 and 86: 79 Values of the life lable paramet
Page 87 and 88: 81 REFERENCES Craig. G.C., D. Si.C.
Page 89 and 90: 83 CUMATIC F{w L Stirldi .6.aiDS EF
Page 91 and 92: 85 2. Behavioral facilitation of re
Page 93 and 94: 87 TeEperature, hy&ic coaditionq aa
Page 95 and 96: 89 The sexual behaviors of irdividu
Page 97 and 98: 9l 2o I E F conuor o.r r.0 r0.0 a0.
Page 99: 93 Referetrces Ber!, H.A. (1990). T
Page 103 and 104: 97 LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSMONAL
Page 105 and 106: 99 be removed sustalnably, provided
Page 107 and 108: 101 necessary as the endurance of t
Page 109 and 110: 103 Table 2. The ratio of first sig
Page 111 and 112: 105 3) Movement and dispersal The r
Page 113 and 114: 107 Disease Trend$ on Crocodite Far
Page 115 and 116: 109 Fuigol and other dermar,?ir - d
Page 117 and 118: 111 THE FEEDINC ECOLOGY OF TWO NILE
Page 119 and 120: 113 areas outside the National park
Page 121 and 122: 115 been done for a tlpical populat
Page 123 and 124: 117 ACKNOWLU)GEMENTS This study was
Page 125 and 126: 119 THE STATUS AN'D DISTRIBUTION OF
Page 127 and 128: Figure l: Crocodile Survey - Tanzan
Page 129 and 130: 123 :rD ES e € a 69 PE e 3 Er t !
Page 131 and 132: 125 Ruaha River (Figure 2) The Ruah
Page 133 and 134: 127 lake Mtera (Figure 4) This is a
Page 135 and 136: t29 with 6shermenand subsistence f'
Page 137 and 138: lil Kilimmjaro/Tanga Region Pa gani
Page 139 and 140: 133 The numbers of crccodiles durin
Page 141 and 142: 135 REFERENCES Chabreck, R.H. 1966.
Page 143 and 144: l -37' 3.1.4 lagal Trad.e Local tra
Page 145 and 146: l.l9 In order to gecure credibility
Page 147 and 148: l4l 'rould apply to 6kins of good h
Page 149 and 150: 143 This infdrrDation cduld be supp
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l.l-s ].nternational reEplfnstbitit
Page 153 and 154:
t4'/ illegal sttjns in their pr,r,d
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149 CROCODILE SKIN INDUSTRY IN ETII
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l5l Table 2. Ouotas for Ethiopian c
Page 159 and 160:
153 depriving EWCO of incentive for
Page 161 and 162:
155 A PRELII{] NARY ASStsSS!.IENT O
Page 163 and 164:
15',7 Origin l Payert lltosk Breedi
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159 dropped, producing 23 and l9 eg
Page 167 and 168:
l6l This figure ts even lorrer than
Page 169 and 170:
163 =z 3F \riciNoraj {
Page 171 and 172:
165 References EArr,ER, R.D. ( 1976
Page 173 and 174:
t6'1 IPPIIDIX tt BtoBtE cI0@(DILX n
Page 175 and 176:
l()t/ Backqround l,lelano5uchus nio
Page 177:
t7l The numbers of black cainan c'b
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