size: 5036KB - Crocodile Specialist Group

More documents

Recommendations

Info

134 Densitv estimatgs were very variable and would be a poiotless exercise to take a mean figure iti i, ,r,r" country. one fact which emerges liom this survey is that densities ;;;r;i";;;i;;J;.",1 "-it"""i"i" "holJ outsirle pr.tecte.l areas and this was noted tbr a oumber ol rivers (e g i""*li"t" cr,"o", Rul.rji, Kilombero, Ruaha, Mara, crumeti). This indicates thar protection is having a beneficial effeot, at least on the cfocodile populatlon The low densities (often 0.00) tbund outside the protected areas also indicates that crocodile popriutio". *iff continue to iecline when in competitioo with humans possible way to .One im"p tti, A".tin" is to utilize these populations tbr ranching and farming operations Lake nui*u i, on" ,u"h population that may benefit flom such a management policy' SPECULATION ON EGG PRODUCTION FROM THE LOWER RUFUI WITHIN TIIE SEI,OUS GAME RESERVE The number of breeding females within a population is related tu the total size of that DoDulation and this fhct is often used to estimate population size tiom counts ot nests id;;k. ita' Grabam, 1988) Having spe.ulated I'n the l'rtal size ol the p-t'pulation in the ir*", irtiii it is'then pos;ible to speculare on egg prnrJuttion The numher of.L'rrrcodiles less thun t.Z oi totnt l"ng,tt is estimated to be alnroxinately 50 % of a Nile rrocodile ppulation' ftre nu'rter ot treelOing t'emales within an avcrase Nile crocodilc f'ululatioi i\ estiNated to be y4 of those crocorliGs longer than 1.2 m total length (Games, 1990). Cl tch sizes vary nr"od, but tt ou",^g" lor Laie Kariba on the Zambezi tiver is 't5 eggs lt' the above tigures ir" ,ri"t t'U" " t"o."i"nta!ive of the SeloLrs population then egg production for the k)wer Rufiji within the reservi can be estimated by: Lower estimate of crocodile numbers Numbers longer than 1.2 m total length Number of breeding females Lower limit fbr average clutch size Estimared egg Production 5'70',7 2 854 696 30 20 880 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support fbr this survey was provided by Internationaler Reptillederverband E V' 1c",.uny;, 3ou"t. Nouvelle France-Croco (France)' Hambo Crocodile p-roject (Tanzania) and iu"i" ,qt('Cru*""iul. I thank Dr. Jon Hutton and Dr. Dietrich Jelden ofthe IUCN crocodile ifeciati"t C'toup fo. initiating this survey and raising the flrnding The assistance of Hashim l,ituguti nonoe in Dar-es-salaam is gratetully acknowledged Daren Bruessow and Richard ie.si."on .oae th" night counts possible and James Maynard is tlanked tbr tis participation iiiiiult *"." ortrv floin by Lorivi Moirana. Gerald Bigurube, Cha(les M'Doe and charles Trout. Observers were Liiimo, Charles M'Doe, Emmanuel Severre and Cerald Bigurube' Special thanks to Bakari M'bano who took time olT from his busy schedule to come and rescue us at Rungwa. The support of the Director of wildlif!. Costa M'lay, especially by making sure an aircralt was available is Sreatly appreciated
135 REFERENCES Chabreck, R.H. 1966. Methods of determining the size and composition of alligator populations inLo\\isi^na, Procee.ling! ofthe South Eattent Association oJ Game and Fish Connksion.20th Annual Confercnce. 1966:105-l 12 Games, I. 1990. The feeding ecology of two Nile crocodile populations in the Zambezi vallet. Unpublished D.Phil. manuscript. University of Zimbabwe. Games, I. and E.L.M. Severre. 1989. A survey of crocodile densities in the Selous Game Reserve and adjacent Game Controlled Areas, Tanzania. September 1989. Report to the Director of Wildli,fe, Tanzania and the CITES Nile crocodile prcject. Games, I. and E.L.M. Severre. 1990. A survey of crocodile densities in Tanzania, October 1990. Report to the Director of Wildlife, Tanzania. Games. I.. R. Zohlo and B. Chande. 1989. Utilization of the crocodile resource on Lake Cahora Bassa, Mozambique, during 1987 and 1988. Report to the co-otdinator, CITES Nile Graham, A.D. and I.S.C. Parker. 1964. Ulpublilihe.l dato on aenal sune! of the RuJiji river. Gmham, A.D. 1988. Methods of surveying and monitoring crccollles. Proceedings oJ the SADCC WotkJhop on Management anll Utilization of Crocodiles in the SADCC Region of AIrica. pp. 74J01. Eds. J.M. Hutton, J.N.B. Mpande, A.D. Grahatu ahd H.H. Roth. Hirji, K.N. A preliminary assessment of the crocodile population in Lake Rukwa. Repon tu Serengeti Wikllife Research Insti tute, Arusha, TaLzani a. Hutton, J.M. and I. Games (Eds). 1992. The CITES Nile Crocodile Project. Hufton, J.M. and M. Katalihwa. 1988. The status and distribur;on of crocodiles in the region of the Sefous Game Reserve, Tanzania, in 1988. Repon tu the Director of Wildlife, Tanzania.l0 po. Hutton, J.M. and M.E.J. Woolhouse. 1989. Mark-recapture to assess factors affecting the proportion of a Nile crocodile populationseen during spotlightcounts at Ngezi, Zimbabwe, and the use of spotlight counts to monitor crocodile ^bundance. Jounal of Applied Ecology 26'.381- 395. Katalihwa, M. and R. Lema. 1988. The status and management of the Nile crocodile in 'fanzanla. Proceedingt oJ the SADCC workJhop on Management and Utilkation oJ Crocodiles in the SADCC Region of Aflica. pp. 33-38. E ls. J.M. Hutton, J.N.B. Mpande, A.D. Gruham and H.H. Roth. Magnusson, W-E., G.J. Caughley and G.C. Grigg. 1978. A double-survey estimate of population \ize from incomplete counts./oi.rnal of wildlife Managenent 42(1):174-l'76
Page 1 and 2:
CROCODILES Proc€€dings of the l
Page 3:
FOREWORD The two volumes of this PR
Page 6 and 7:
Elsey, R M, McNease, L & Joanen, T:
Page 9 and 10:
CFAZ CIIAIRMAN'S OPENING COMMENTS F
Page 11 and 12:
PRESENTATION FROM THE MINISTER OF E
Page 13 and 14:
Fitting Curves to crocodilian Aqe-s
Page 15 and 16:
7 a.set of uniforrn random nunbers.
Page 17 and 18:
2. VON BERTAI"ANFFY MODEL FOR GROWT
Page 19 and 20:
11 The -following four tables give
Page 21 and 22:
UNIFoRU sarnpling MEDfUM sahpl ing
Page 23 and 24:
15 Sectior IV: Actual Croc Data, l,
Page 25 and 26:
1'l (ii) Linear regressron. same ra
Page 27 and 28:
1,9 rejecting nufl hypotheses that
Page 29 and 30:
21 Brisbin, I.L., Jr., c.c. White,
Page 31 and 32:
Iength lthich corresponds to the ni
Page 33 and 34:
25 Because of lack of funds Eo carr
Page 35 and 36:
27 Despite the fact that during a p
Page 37 and 38:
29 FIGURE N9 2 BLACK CAIIIAN POPULA
Page 39 and 40:
I'Effect of diets conplenented vith
Page 41 and 42:
3i Two of the 6 x 2 m. tanks four e
Page 43 and 44:
: .i ; -3, E .-1 t FFdF !_9 + + + +
Page 45 and 46:
10 Table IV : fl aernathological Re
Page 47 and 48:
4l 4.- CONCLUSIoNS 1) The most favo
Page 49 and 50:
43 THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL COMMUNI
Page 51 and 52:
45 the rainy season and, in conhast
Page 53 and 54:
47 difficulties and the isolation o
Page 55 and 56:
49 Eacb time that one of the villag
Page 57 and 58:
51 CONCLUSION Naturally, these rcsu
Page 59 and 60:
53 LONG-TERM POPUT-A.TION S'ruDIES
Page 61 and 62:
55 'Ile study reporled here was des
Page 63 and 64:
5'7 made of transmilteFequjpped ndm
Page 65 and 66:
59 wilhin the reservoir was lypific
Page 67 and 68:
6l However the use of such winter d
Page 69 and 70:
6.1 surface to breathe (Kellogg 192
Page 71 and 72:
65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was su
Page 73 and 74:
Murphy, T. M., P. M. Wilkinson, J-
Page 75 and 76:
69 t 3 ^ 3 :9s 3P o ;x !B 'rr.l9 3e
Page 77 and 78:
7l FoDd B + i Poud C I Pltllr. l. U
Page 79 and 80:
73 9 October 1991 L t' I L t' 26 Ma
Page 81 and 82:
75 80 -r- 1987-88 + 1991-92 t -40 .
Page 83 and 84:
77 GROWTH RAIE OF CAIMAN (Caiman cr
Page 85 and 86:
79 Values of the life lable paramet
Page 87 and 88:
81 REFERENCES Craig. G.C., D. Si.C.
Page 89 and 90: 83 CUMATIC F{w L Stirldi .6.aiDS EF
Page 91 and 92: 85 2. Behavioral facilitation of re
Page 93 and 94: 87 TeEperature, hy&ic coaditionq aa
Page 95 and 96: 89 The sexual behaviors of irdividu
Page 97 and 98: 9l 2o I E F conuor o.r r.0 r0.0 a0.
Page 99 and 100: 93 Referetrces Ber!, H.A. (1990). T
Page 101 and 102: 95 GROWTH RATES AND BODY CONDITION
Page 103 and 104: 97 LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSMONAL
Page 105 and 106: 99 be removed sustalnably, provided
Page 107 and 108: 101 necessary as the endurance of t
Page 109 and 110: 103 Table 2. The ratio of first sig
Page 111 and 112: 105 3) Movement and dispersal The r
Page 113 and 114: 107 Disease Trend$ on Crocodite Far
Page 115 and 116: 109 Fuigol and other dermar,?ir - d
Page 117 and 118: 111 THE FEEDINC ECOLOGY OF TWO NILE
Page 119 and 120: 113 areas outside the National park
Page 121 and 122: 115 been done for a tlpical populat
Page 123 and 124: 117 ACKNOWLU)GEMENTS This study was
Page 125 and 126: 119 THE STATUS AN'D DISTRIBUTION OF
Page 127 and 128: Figure l: Crocodile Survey - Tanzan
Page 129 and 130: 123 :rD ES e € a 69 PE e 3 Er t !
Page 131 and 132: 125 Ruaha River (Figure 2) The Ruah
Page 133 and 134: 127 lake Mtera (Figure 4) This is a
Page 135 and 136: t29 with 6shermenand subsistence f'
Page 137 and 138: lil Kilimmjaro/Tanga Region Pa gani
Page 139: 133 The numbers of crccodiles durin
Page 143 and 144: l -37' 3.1.4 lagal Trad.e Local tra
Page 145 and 146: l.l9 In order to gecure credibility
Page 147 and 148: l4l 'rould apply to 6kins of good h
Page 149 and 150: 143 This infdrrDation cduld be supp
Page 151 and 152: l.l-s ].nternational reEplfnstbitit
Page 153 and 154: t4'/ illegal sttjns in their pr,r,d
Page 155 and 156: 149 CROCODILE SKIN INDUSTRY IN ETII
Page 157 and 158: l5l Table 2. Ouotas for Ethiopian c
Page 159 and 160: 153 depriving EWCO of incentive for
Page 161 and 162: 155 A PRELII{] NARY ASStsSS!.IENT O
Page 163 and 164: 15',7 Origin l Payert lltosk Breedi
Page 165 and 166: 159 dropped, producing 23 and l9 eg
Page 167 and 168: l6l This figure ts even lorrer than
Page 169 and 170: 163 =z 3F \riciNoraj {
Page 171 and 172: 165 References EArr,ER, R.D. ( 1976
Page 173 and 174: t6'1 IPPIIDIX tt BtoBtE cI0@(DILX n
Page 175 and 176: l()t/ Backqround l,lelano5uchus nio
Page 177: t7l The numbers of black cainan c'b
show all

size: 5036KB - Crocodile Specialist Group

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?