size: 5036KB - Crocodile Specialist Group

More documents

Recommendations

Info

110 References Foggin,C.M. 1987. Diseases and disease control on crocodile farms in Zimbabwe ln wildlifb Mi;gementi <strong>Crocodile</strong>s and Alligators. Sulrey Beattie & Sons Pty Ltd, Sydney: 351-362' Foggin,C.M. 1991. Diseases of farmed crocodilbs. Prcceedings of lst Symposium on Crocodvlus niloticus Production in the Republic of Soutb Africa (in press). Huchzermeyer,H.F., G.H.Gerdes, K.D A.Huchzermeyer, and C.M.Foggin. Chlamydial hepatitis in farmed hatchling crocodiles (Crocodylus dlolislg (in press). Larsen,R.E., C.Beurget, P.T.Cardeilhac and E.R.Jacobson. 1983. Steatitis and fat necrosis in captive alligators. J.Am.Vet.Med Assoc. 183(I I).1202-1204. Madsen,M. and P.Chambers. 1991. Bacterial contamination and public health significance in farmed crocodile meat production. Proceedings of the Annual Confelence of the Zimbabwe Veterinary Association, Bulawayo. Manolis.S.C.. G.J.W.webb, D.Finch, L Melville and G.Hollis. 1991. Salmonella in captive crocodiles (qosadybs jqhlstQ4i and C pqasug. Austr. vet.J.68(3.): 102-105. Newcomer,C.E., M.R.Anver, J.L.Simmons, B w Wilke and G.W.Nace. I982. Spontaneous and experimental intections ofxclQpu bgy!! with Chlanydia p$$4!!. Lab.An.Sci 32:860-862
111 THE FEEDINC ECOLOGY OF TWO NILE CROCODILE FOPIJLATIONS IN THE ZAMBEZI VALLEY - A PROJECT SUMMARY Ian Games P.O. Box U.A. 296 HARARE ZIMBABWE INTRODUCTION This short paper is a summary of a p{oject on $e feeding ecology ofthe Nile crocodile in the Zambezi valley in both Zimbabwe and Mozambique (Figure 1). The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of crocodiles on the fish populations of Lake Kdiba. The lake supports boft a successful crocodile management scheme, based on sustainable utilization, and a burgeoning a.tisanal or inshore fishery. There has been considerablexpansion of the fishery since independence 1980 (Murphree et al. , I 989) and consequently there is pressure to open up areas prcviously closed to fishing. Conflict between fishermen ard crocodiles exists (Chimbuya and Hutton, 1988) with many of the problems centering around competition for the resource. This study represents fte first aftempt to estimate fish consumption by crocodiles {iom a natural system which may be more typical of other places in Africa, as previous studies were combinations of data from several localities (Cott, 1961) or from "atypical" populations (Graham, 1968; Hufton, 1984). The crocodile is protected in Zimbabwe and all sample,s were taken from live animals which were subsequently released. A commercial cropping progranme on Lake Cahora Bassa in Mozambique allowed the collection of data and samples from a shot sample (Games et. al, 1989) STIJDY AREAS The Zambezi river rises in the highlands ofAngola and Zambia and flows for more than 2 500 km through six countries before reaching the Indian Ocean. Two giant artificial lakes have been built on the river at Kariba and Calora Bassa (Figure 1). Lake Kariba has an area of 5 364 km2 and a volume of 156.5 km3 at a mean operating level of 485 m a.s.l. A succession of drought yea6 since 1980 has depressed the mean openting level of the lake to 479 m a.s.l., where it remained throughout the study period. A study site was chosen in the Ume estuary which is protected on one sideby the Matusadona National Park (Figure 2) and is relatively undisturbed by egg collection activities. Lake Kariba is one ol the more intensively studied lakes in Afiica and a large body of information on all aspects of its limnology and ecology exists (e,g. Balon and Coche, 1974; Bowmaker, 1973; J.M. Hutton Pvt. lsd., 1991, Marshall, 1984) The lake supports both inshore and pelagic (kapenta) fisheries. They are different not only in the habitat exploited, but also in capital input and yields. The kapenta fishery began in 1973 and in 1984 produced 10404 t, almost 1l times as much as the more primitive and undercapitalized inshore fishery (Bourdillon, ?t. dl, 1985).
Page 1 and 2:
CROCODILES Proc€€dings of the l
Page 3:
FOREWORD The two volumes of this PR
Page 6 and 7:
Elsey, R M, McNease, L & Joanen, T:
Page 9 and 10:
CFAZ CIIAIRMAN'S OPENING COMMENTS F
Page 11 and 12:
PRESENTATION FROM THE MINISTER OF E
Page 13 and 14:
Fitting Curves to crocodilian Aqe-s
Page 15 and 16:
7 a.set of uniforrn random nunbers.
Page 17 and 18:
2. VON BERTAI"ANFFY MODEL FOR GROWT
Page 19 and 20:
11 The -following four tables give
Page 21 and 22:
UNIFoRU sarnpling MEDfUM sahpl ing
Page 23 and 24:
15 Sectior IV: Actual Croc Data, l,
Page 25 and 26:
1'l (ii) Linear regressron. same ra
Page 27 and 28:
1,9 rejecting nufl hypotheses that
Page 29 and 30:
21 Brisbin, I.L., Jr., c.c. White,
Page 31 and 32:
Iength lthich corresponds to the ni
Page 33 and 34:
25 Because of lack of funds Eo carr
Page 35 and 36:
27 Despite the fact that during a p
Page 37 and 38:
29 FIGURE N9 2 BLACK CAIIIAN POPULA
Page 39 and 40:
I'Effect of diets conplenented vith
Page 41 and 42:
3i Two of the 6 x 2 m. tanks four e
Page 43 and 44:
: .i ; -3, E .-1 t FFdF !_9 + + + +
Page 45 and 46:
10 Table IV : fl aernathological Re
Page 47 and 48:
4l 4.- CONCLUSIoNS 1) The most favo
Page 49 and 50:
43 THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL COMMUNI
Page 51 and 52:
45 the rainy season and, in conhast
Page 53 and 54:
47 difficulties and the isolation o
Page 55 and 56:
49 Eacb time that one of the villag
Page 57 and 58:
51 CONCLUSION Naturally, these rcsu
Page 59 and 60:
53 LONG-TERM POPUT-A.TION S'ruDIES
Page 61 and 62:
55 'Ile study reporled here was des
Page 63 and 64:
5'7 made of transmilteFequjpped ndm
Page 65 and 66: 59 wilhin the reservoir was lypific
Page 67 and 68: 6l However the use of such winter d
Page 69 and 70: 6.1 surface to breathe (Kellogg 192
Page 71 and 72: 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was su
Page 73 and 74: Murphy, T. M., P. M. Wilkinson, J-
Page 75 and 76: 69 t 3 ^ 3 :9s 3P o ;x !B 'rr.l9 3e
Page 77 and 78: 7l FoDd B + i Poud C I Pltllr. l. U
Page 79 and 80: 73 9 October 1991 L t' I L t' 26 Ma
Page 81 and 82: 75 80 -r- 1987-88 + 1991-92 t -40 .
Page 83 and 84: 77 GROWTH RAIE OF CAIMAN (Caiman cr
Page 85 and 86: 79 Values of the life lable paramet
Page 87 and 88: 81 REFERENCES Craig. G.C., D. Si.C.
Page 89 and 90: 83 CUMATIC F{w L Stirldi .6.aiDS EF
Page 91 and 92: 85 2. Behavioral facilitation of re
Page 93 and 94: 87 TeEperature, hy&ic coaditionq aa
Page 95 and 96: 89 The sexual behaviors of irdividu
Page 97 and 98: 9l 2o I E F conuor o.r r.0 r0.0 a0.
Page 99 and 100: 93 Referetrces Ber!, H.A. (1990). T
Page 101 and 102: 95 GROWTH RATES AND BODY CONDITION
Page 103 and 104: 97 LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSMONAL
Page 105 and 106: 99 be removed sustalnably, provided
Page 107 and 108: 101 necessary as the endurance of t
Page 109 and 110: 103 Table 2. The ratio of first sig
Page 111 and 112: 105 3) Movement and dispersal The r
Page 113 and 114: 107 Disease Trend$ on Crocodite Far
Page 115: 109 Fuigol and other dermar,?ir - d
Page 119 and 120: 113 areas outside the National park
Page 121 and 122: 115 been done for a tlpical populat
Page 123 and 124: 117 ACKNOWLU)GEMENTS This study was
Page 125 and 126: 119 THE STATUS AN'D DISTRIBUTION OF
Page 127 and 128: Figure l: Crocodile Survey - Tanzan
Page 129 and 130: 123 :rD ES e € a 69 PE e 3 Er t !
Page 131 and 132: 125 Ruaha River (Figure 2) The Ruah
Page 133 and 134: 127 lake Mtera (Figure 4) This is a
Page 135 and 136: t29 with 6shermenand subsistence f'
Page 137 and 138: lil Kilimmjaro/Tanga Region Pa gani
Page 139 and 140: 133 The numbers of crccodiles durin
Page 141 and 142: 135 REFERENCES Chabreck, R.H. 1966.
Page 143 and 144: l -37' 3.1.4 lagal Trad.e Local tra
Page 145 and 146: l.l9 In order to gecure credibility
Page 147 and 148: l4l 'rould apply to 6kins of good h
Page 149 and 150: 143 This infdrrDation cduld be supp
Page 151 and 152: l.l-s ].nternational reEplfnstbitit
Page 153 and 154: t4'/ illegal sttjns in their pr,r,d
Page 155 and 156: 149 CROCODILE SKIN INDUSTRY IN ETII
Page 157 and 158: l5l Table 2. Ouotas for Ethiopian c
Page 159 and 160: 153 depriving EWCO of incentive for
Page 161 and 162: 155 A PRELII{] NARY ASStsSS!.IENT O
Page 163 and 164: 15',7 Origin l Payert lltosk Breedi
Page 165 and 166: 159 dropped, producing 23 and l9 eg
Page 167 and 168:
l6l This figure ts even lorrer than
Page 169 and 170:
163 =z 3F \riciNoraj {
Page 171 and 172:
165 References EArr,ER, R.D. ( 1976
Page 173 and 174:
t6'1 IPPIIDIX tt BtoBtE cI0@(DILX n
Page 175 and 176:
l()t/ Backqround l,lelano5uchus nio
Page 177:
t7l The numbers of black cainan c'b
show all

size: 5036KB - Crocodile Specialist Group

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?