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z ed by Craham J. W. Webb, S. Charles Manolis and Peter J Whitehead Surey Beatty and Sons PtY Limited. CHILD Graham and Willie K. Nduku 1985; Wildlife and human welfare in Zi.U-"U*". Ot" FAO: AFC,AffL:86/6.2, Oct 1985, African Forestry commjssion' fr-otting putty Wildlife Management and national parks, eight session' "o DECARY R., 1950. La faune malgache, pp 76-88' Ed Payot, Paris' HUTTON J. M. and G.F.T. CHILD, 1989 Crocodile manage,ment in- Z^imbabwe' in Crocodiles their ecolos/, management and conservation' CSG/SSCAUCN' IUCN publication new series, Gland, Switzerland' HUTTON J. M. and C. LIPPAI, 1992 Annual Report to the Crocodile Farmers Association of Zimbabwe' 7992, MEDEM F., 1981. Assistance to crocodile management in rural areas' Bostwana' Reppo FAO Rome TCP/BOT/0001, 1981' MUTHOO M. K., 1990. Economic consid6rations and environmental policy -i-pfi".1l"" n tft" titanagement ofrenewable natural resources Unasyka 163' Vol' 41, 1990. PETIT G., 1925. Les crocodiles Malgaches, leurs moeurs, leur chasse et leur utilisation. Rewe Hist. Nat. Appl. Vl' p.236-250' SINBA Kayama, 1987. Village and com$urity attitudes to tle- of l3l1g:ment in Papua Nei Guio"a. in WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT: "-"Jf." dnoCoorr-es AND ALLIGAToRS ed bv Graham J W Webb, S' charles Manolis and Peter J. Whitehead. Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty Limited'
53 LONG-TERM POPUT-A.TION S'ruDIES OII AMERICAN AILTGATORS INHABITINC A RESERVOIR: INITIAL RESPONSES TO WArER LEVEL DRAWDOWN I. L€hr B.isbitr, Jr., J.Merlin Benner, Laura A. Brandtr, Roberr A. Kennamer and Thomrs M. MurDhl Savrnnah Rrver Ecolory Laboralory P.O. Drawer L: Aiken, South Carolina 29802, U.S.A. ABSTRACT: A population of Americ^n ^llieators (AlUgator n $'rr"pieari') irhabiting a 1130 ha nuclear reactor cooling reservoir has been studied for more than 20 years, producing a data base th^l now can bc used to evaluate the responses of these animals to subsequent changes itr their habitat. Beginning in June and conlinuing lhrough September 1991, the waler level in this reservoir was lowered 6m lo allow for repair work 1() thc d:lm. Thc stuE reported here extend€d from July l99l through the summer of 199, during which time thc reservoir remained at the lowered level. The drawdown reduced the waler surface area by 507r, exposing and killing the m.jority of the lake's subnerged/emergent aquatic vegeration. Both during and immediately after drawdown activities, the number of alligalors counted in the reservoir by night eyeshining techniques increased possibly ^s a rcsult of increased visibility of smaller animals due to the lack of emergcnt vegetative cover. High numbers of alligators were also obse ed during aerial census flights during the spring following drawdowtr. Fourteen adult alligators outfitted wilh radio tr&smitters in Septernber 1991 revealed differences in spalial distributions and movement patterns between the s€xes during lhe fall and following winter in the drawdown reservoir. Males showed more €xtensivc fall movemcnts while most females tended to remam close to the locations where they were originally caplured. There was no evidence thnt tbc drawdown adversely affecled the winler survival of adult alligators in Par Pond- Six of the telemetered alligators spenl the winler in moderately deel water along a
Page 1 and 2:
CROCODILES Proc€€dings of the l
Page 3:
FOREWORD The two volumes of this PR
Page 6 and 7:
Elsey, R M, McNease, L & Joanen, T:
Page 9 and 10: CFAZ CIIAIRMAN'S OPENING COMMENTS F
Page 11 and 12: PRESENTATION FROM THE MINISTER OF E
Page 13 and 14: Fitting Curves to crocodilian Aqe-s
Page 15 and 16: 7 a.set of uniforrn random nunbers.
Page 17 and 18: 2. VON BERTAI"ANFFY MODEL FOR GROWT
Page 19 and 20: 11 The -following four tables give
Page 21 and 22: UNIFoRU sarnpling MEDfUM sahpl ing
Page 23 and 24: 15 Sectior IV: Actual Croc Data, l,
Page 25 and 26: 1'l (ii) Linear regressron. same ra
Page 27 and 28: 1,9 rejecting nufl hypotheses that
Page 29 and 30: 21 Brisbin, I.L., Jr., c.c. White,
Page 31 and 32: Iength lthich corresponds to the ni
Page 33 and 34: 25 Because of lack of funds Eo carr
Page 35 and 36: 27 Despite the fact that during a p
Page 37 and 38: 29 FIGURE N9 2 BLACK CAIIIAN POPULA
Page 39 and 40: I'Effect of diets conplenented vith
Page 41 and 42: 3i Two of the 6 x 2 m. tanks four e
Page 43 and 44: : .i ; -3, E .-1 t FFdF !_9 + + + +
Page 45 and 46: 10 Table IV : fl aernathological Re
Page 47 and 48: 4l 4.- CONCLUSIoNS 1) The most favo
Page 49 and 50: 43 THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL COMMUNI
Page 51 and 52: 45 the rainy season and, in conhast
Page 53 and 54: 47 difficulties and the isolation o
Page 55 and 56: 49 Eacb time that one of the villag
Page 57: 51 CONCLUSION Naturally, these rcsu
Page 61 and 62: 55 'Ile study reporled here was des
Page 63 and 64: 5'7 made of transmilteFequjpped ndm
Page 65 and 66: 59 wilhin the reservoir was lypific
Page 67 and 68: 6l However the use of such winter d
Page 69 and 70: 6.1 surface to breathe (Kellogg 192
Page 71 and 72: 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was su
Page 73 and 74: Murphy, T. M., P. M. Wilkinson, J-
Page 75 and 76: 69 t 3 ^ 3 :9s 3P o ;x !B 'rr.l9 3e
Page 77 and 78: 7l FoDd B + i Poud C I Pltllr. l. U
Page 79 and 80: 73 9 October 1991 L t' I L t' 26 Ma
Page 81 and 82: 75 80 -r- 1987-88 + 1991-92 t -40 .
Page 83 and 84: 77 GROWTH RAIE OF CAIMAN (Caiman cr
Page 85 and 86: 79 Values of the life lable paramet
Page 87 and 88: 81 REFERENCES Craig. G.C., D. Si.C.
Page 89 and 90: 83 CUMATIC F{w L Stirldi .6.aiDS EF
Page 91 and 92: 85 2. Behavioral facilitation of re
Page 93 and 94: 87 TeEperature, hy&ic coaditionq aa
Page 95 and 96: 89 The sexual behaviors of irdividu
Page 97 and 98: 9l 2o I E F conuor o.r r.0 r0.0 a0.
Page 99 and 100: 93 Referetrces Ber!, H.A. (1990). T
Page 101 and 102: 95 GROWTH RATES AND BODY CONDITION
Page 103 and 104: 97 LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSMONAL
Page 105 and 106: 99 be removed sustalnably, provided
Page 107 and 108: 101 necessary as the endurance of t
Page 109 and 110:
103 Table 2. The ratio of first sig
Page 111 and 112:
105 3) Movement and dispersal The r
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107 Disease Trend$ on Crocodite Far
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109 Fuigol and other dermar,?ir - d
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111 THE FEEDINC ECOLOGY OF TWO NILE
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113 areas outside the National park
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115 been done for a tlpical populat
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117 ACKNOWLU)GEMENTS This study was
Page 125 and 126:
119 THE STATUS AN'D DISTRIBUTION OF
Page 127 and 128:
Figure l: Crocodile Survey - Tanzan
Page 129 and 130:
123 :rD ES e € a 69 PE e 3 Er t !
Page 131 and 132:
125 Ruaha River (Figure 2) The Ruah
Page 133 and 134:
127 lake Mtera (Figure 4) This is a
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t29 with 6shermenand subsistence f'
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lil Kilimmjaro/Tanga Region Pa gani
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133 The numbers of crccodiles durin
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135 REFERENCES Chabreck, R.H. 1966.
Page 143 and 144:
l -37' 3.1.4 lagal Trad.e Local tra
Page 145 and 146:
l.l9 In order to gecure credibility
Page 147 and 148:
l4l 'rould apply to 6kins of good h
Page 149 and 150:
143 This infdrrDation cduld be supp
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l.l-s ].nternational reEplfnstbitit
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t4'/ illegal sttjns in their pr,r,d
Page 155 and 156:
149 CROCODILE SKIN INDUSTRY IN ETII
Page 157 and 158:
l5l Table 2. Ouotas for Ethiopian c
Page 159 and 160:
153 depriving EWCO of incentive for
Page 161 and 162:
155 A PRELII{] NARY ASStsSS!.IENT O
Page 163 and 164:
15',7 Origin l Payert lltosk Breedi
Page 165 and 166:
159 dropped, producing 23 and l9 eg
Page 167 and 168:
l6l This figure ts even lorrer than
Page 169 and 170:
163 =z 3F \riciNoraj {
Page 171 and 172:
165 References EArr,ER, R.D. ( 1976
Page 173 and 174:
t6'1 IPPIIDIX tt BtoBtE cI0@(DILX n
Page 175 and 176:
l()t/ Backqround l,lelano5uchus nio
Page 177:
t7l The numbers of black cainan c'b
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