The European e-Business Report The European e ... - empirica

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The European E-Business Report 2005 • Financing Research and Development – e-business and e-learning projects launched by the General Secretariat of Research and Technology. There are a number of RTD on-going projects based on collaboration between academic institutions and the private sector in Greece. • A series of e-government services such us “Taxation Online” (TAXIS) and “VAT on Line” that have been very popular as shown below. “Police on Line” – public security online – is still in the contractual phase, while a €70 million project to interconnect public administration (Syzefxis) started this year. • The implementation of digital services for Municipalities across Greece. 3.2.3 Development of e-business Survey results on ICT adoption among citizens and enterprises Greece is ranked quite low in most e-business uptake related indexes. • The citizen’s connectivity is lagging behind the EU-25 average, which is 43% of households, but 17% for Greece. High telecommunication costs and the absence of any direct or indirect incentive for citizens to obtain a PC or to connect online, are disincentives for a critical mass of consumers. 102 • The percentage of enterprises employing more than 10 persons with access to internet is 87% of total, very close to the EU-25 average of 89% (Eurostat). Even when taking into account that the number of enterprises with more than 10 employees is very small in Greece (around 2%), the level of total enterprise connectivity to the internet must be considered as very low: it is only 29% of firms according to a recent study by eBusiness Forum. 103 • Only 5% of all enterprises have a website/homepage in Greece and most of them (90%) use it primarily for product promotion and company information. They exercise very little e-commerce activity as: • Only 14% purchased anything online, while the EU-25 average is 27% • Only 6% received orders, while the average the EU-25 average is 13% • The total turnover of enterprises from e-commerce was only 1.6% while in the EU-25 it was 8.4% They significantly use some public services where: • 61% of Greek enterprises sourced information while the EU-25 average was 45% • 58% of Greek enterprises obtained forms, with the EU-25 average 41% • 45% return the forms in Greece, considerably higher than the 29% for the EU-25 average A large number of SMEs submit their VAT declaration online as a mandatory monthly task. A large number of very small enterprises do this through the accounting companies which are keeping their books. They are increasingly submitting their fiscal, social security and other declarations, as shown by a recent incident: when the Government gave a small tax refund as an incentive for making fiscal declarations online, the systems were blocked due to heavy online traffic! The uptake of e-business is also influenced by the low penetration and high cost of broadband services. The costs for connection and use are extremely high and Greece has a penetration of 1% of broadband connections. Of all enterprises connected to the internet, only 21% use broadband connection. This is less than half compared to the EU-25 average (52%). 102 The data come from Eurostat portal on Science and Technology tables. 103 E-Business Forum, “eBusiness Survey”, 4 th Year, 2005. Prepared for GRNET. March 2005. 175
The European E-Business Report 2005 High telecommunication costs are shown in the overall ICT expenditure as well: For 2004, IT expenditure was only 1.3% of GDP, while the EU-25 average is 3%. This low percentage is almost the same over the last 3 years. In contrast, Greeks spend 3.8% of GDP on telecommunication, more than their EU-25 counterparts (3.4% of GDP on average). Most of the expenditure is for services rather than for investment in infrastructure. Private sector initiatives A number of electronic marketplaces were constructed four or five years ago. Two of them, Business Exchanges and CosmoOne, were created by major banks and telecommunication operators 104 and are used for the procurement of a variety of products, including office automation, IT equipment and others. They have significantly increased the amount of B2B exchanges to several billion euro. Their growth trend is clear, and one may expect these initiatives to grow further both in number and revenue. Some examples of other marketplaces and portals focused on their particular sector needs are: • www.yassas.com which is assisting goods procurement for the hotel industry matching 400 suppliers with 600 hotels for a total number of more than 50,000 goods; • www.b2bconstruct.gr which acts as a portal for the construction companies; and • www.greekfashion.gr for the textile industry. All the banks in Greece have developed web-banking services in one way or another. The number of users of their services is still relatively small in percentage compared to the EU-25 average, but those who start using these services become permanent users. Some IT retailers – such as www.plaisio.gr – have very frequented websites and are constantly increasing their online sales. The tourist industry is still at the first stage of e-commerce, providing basic information but without allowing visitors to make online reservations and payments – except the big hotels. Last, but not least, there are only a few examples of e-business integration of all internal processes and interaction with the outside world such as customers suppliers, resellers, public services, banks and other service providers. The best cases are in the retail market, in some manufacturers and in some hotel chains. 104 CosmoOne was founded in June 2000 as a joint venture between OTE Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation (30,87%), COSMOTE Mobile Telecom (30,87%), Alpha Bank (15%), Dienekis Informatics (13,18%) (a distributor in Greece for Commerce One Inc.), and the National Bank of Greece (10,08%). See http://www.cosmo-one.gr/en/company.htm) 176
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