The European e-Business Report The European e ... - empirica

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The European E-Business Report 2005 Similar state-of-play in e-business in advanced economies Most e-business data indicate that the maturity of ICT adoption and e-commerce activity among enterprises is at a similar stage in all major economies. The percentage of enterprises' total turnover from e-commerce, for example, appears to have reached similar levels in Europe (EU-25), the USA and Australia with about 7-10% in each of these economies. 46 This indicates that the significance of e- business activity for sales transactions is comparable, at least on the aggregate level. However, as argued in the summary box below, gaps are more pronounced when comparing individual EU Member States. Eurostat reports that enterprises from the EU-25 make 8.6% of their total turnover from e-commerce. 47 Figures vary considerably between Member States. For Greece, for example, Eurostat reports a share of 1.6% of turnover, for Poland 2.8%. In contrast, shares are highest for Ireland (20%), the UK (13.7%), Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Germany. Exhibit 1.8-6: Main conclusions on the performance of EU enterprises in e-business • Head-to-head: On average, EU enterprises are head-to-head with their counterparts in other advanced economies in terms of electronic business activity. • Gaps within the EU: However, gaps in e-business adoption within the European Union (between Member States) are clearly more pronounced than on aggregate level in international benchmarks, that is between firms from the EU-25 and the USA, Australia or Japan (and others). Of course, the same observation could be made for other large economies, notably for the USA, where digital divides between states or regions also exist. o EU countries as international benchmark: Firms from those EU Member States which are most advanced in their information society development (the Nordic countries in particular) are not only 'e-leaders' within the EU, but constitute international benchmarks of ICT infrastructure adoption and e-business activity. o Major EU economies aligned with international development: Many EU countries are well aligned with the international state-of-play in e-business. This holds true for some of the major economies in the EU, for example the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. For France and Italy, results are mixed; some indicators point at a lower adoption of e-business activity. o Digital divide concerns mostly the 'third tier': ICT and e-business adoption is comparatively low among firms from EU Member States which constitute the least advanced group in information society development. This group includes some of the new EU Member States, Greece and Portugal. • Cultural similarities reflected in e-business activity? International findings on e-business activity are strikingly comparable in particular for Europe (EU-25), the USA, Canada and Australia. Results for Japan and South Korea suggest some differences in specific areas, 48 notwithstanding that the overall dynamic is still similar. The same observation could be made for countries within the EU, where Member States with a similar culture show comparable patterns in e-business adoption. 46 47 48 Sources: Eurostat (EU); ABS-BUIT 2003/4 (AUS); US Census Bureau 2005 (USA). Eurostat survey on ICT use by enterprises (2004). Data for this indicator are available on the Eurostat website http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?_pageid=0,1136195,0_45572097&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (downloaded in July 2005). Percentages relate to the base of enterprises with at least 10 employees and using computers. For example, the wider use of customer-facing e-commerce activity in South Korea, compared to e- procurement, is not to be found in any of the other countries. 65
The European E-Business Report 2005 1.8.7 Recommendations for policy Considering the importance of ICT as a driver and enabler of globalisation processes, further initiatives to facilitate the international comparison of e-business developments and their impacts should be encouraged. There are several possibilities how this goal can be addressed. Three approaches are suggested as feasible options. They are discussed in more detail, in terms of their requirements, strengths and weaknesses, in the full special report. 49 These options are not necessarily substituting or excluding one other. The proposed measures can also be conducted in parallel. In particular, approach 1 should be viewed as a complementary and preparatory activity in relation to either approach 2 or 3. An improved international cooperation in e-business monitoring would certainly make sense, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. International cooperation can be expected to be effective, as it creates an added value when (national) monitoring results can be put into an international perspective. Cooperation will normally also be efficient, as the total cost of the individual efforts involved should not be significantly higher than if carried out without coordination. There are more arguments for an increasingly international orientation in monitoring activities. These include demand for a better understanding of causal links between e-business developments and international (cross-border) trade developments, implications for SMEs, and impacts on growth, productivity and employment in different parts of the world. Possible policy approaches for improving the availability of internationally comparative e-business data Approach Focus Potential initiator(s) 1. Coordination of methodology development • Focus on development of common definitions, guidelines and instruments • Encourage adoption of these instruments in as many surveys as possible • OECD • UN • Statistical working groups 2. International cooperation of official statistical institutes • The (European) Community Survey on ICT Use in Enterprises as a model for an international survey • Central coordination of methodology development • Local data collection in participating countries • Official statistical offices in EU, USA, Japan etc. • Government (Ministries or departments responsible for e-business) 3. The International e-Business W@tch • Implementation of an international observatory • Observatory put in charge of collecting data and preparing reports • Possibly in international cooperation (e.g. EU – USA) • European Commission • EU Research Programmes (FP 7) • World Bank 49 See www.ebusiness-watch.org ('resources') 66
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