The European e-Business Report The European e ... - empirica

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The European E-Business Report 2005 To stimulate the flexibility of electronic commerce regulation and to support SMEs' computerization Reinforcing the competition in local access networks to increase public connectivity turned out to be problematic because of legal obstructions from the Slovak Telecom. Therefore, the problem had to be handled by the National Anti-trust Bureau and the Slovak Supreme Court. Resulting improvements are expected to appear by the end of 2005. As for electronic commerce promotion, it was intended to establish the National Centre for Electronic Commerce, but this was later turned down by the government. Problems got still worse because of the late appointment of the Commissioner for Information Society – a “compensation” for the non-existing Ministry of Informatics. To improve things, the government introduced some programmes within the framework of EU Structural funds in order to support e-commerce development in the industry (promotion of competitiveness, innovation and technology take-up). Their impact, however, is yet to be assessed. State funded activities also include promotion of educational programmes contributing to the development of knowledge-based society, support of various innovation schemes and research. For example, the Technical University of Košice (TUK) participates in a project of the State Programme of Research and Development entitled “ANPROBA – Analysis of the business environment and barriers of regions’ absorption capabilities”. One part of the project also analyses electronic commerce issues. Some indicators developed within this project are presented in Exhibit 3.4-1. Exhibit 3.4-1: Overview of e-commerce-related policies in Slovakia Human resources policy Training Targeted awareness promotion Promoting public awareness Innovation policies Financing R&D Public procurement Subventions Awards and premiums Promotion of SME support networks SME support for participating in e-markets Taxation policy Legislation framework Educational programmes, seminars and counselling service, Support scheme for SME´s counselling and training Obcan.sk portal, seminars and round table sessions organised by the Slovak Association for Electronic Commerce (http://www.saec.sk/) with participation of the Slovak Ministry of Economy, Infovek, SANET II, Support scheme for SME counselling and training, Phare and ESF focuses Grant scheme for acquiring innovation technologies and setting up quality management systems The public electronic procurement project is in its first stage Targeted subventions and state innovation programmes (at present the Act on Innovation is under consultation. NADSME (National Agency for Development of Small and Medium Enterprises), http://www.nadsme.sk None None Laws on Electronic Commerce, Electronic Signature, Electronic Communications, Personal Data Protection, Copyright, Free access to information. 185
The European E-Business Report 2005 To simplify electronic administration procedures for business, e.g. start-up companies Outcomes in this area are not satisfactory. The Ministry attributes this to the late appointment of the Commissioner for Information Society. Still, some pilot projects are already in use, for example the Slovak business register (www.orsr.sk) and the Cadastre online (https://www.katasterportal.sk). The main barrier to broader use of electronic services is the low rate of electronic signature acceptance. To create a public procurement internet portal that will enable online tendering The portal is expected to increase efficiency of the public procurement process and improve companies’ awareness and experience with implementing e-commerce solutions. The task was not finished due to the late appointment of the Commissioner for Information Society and the fact that the European legislation on this matter is expected to be adopted in 2006. However, a study of good practices in the EU public electronic procurement was elaborated. To create standards for information security and educational programmes focusing on the secure internet use The Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications pronounced this task to be completed as it carried out a survey entitled “Security of Information technologies”, elaborated a proposal for the Law on Public Information Systems and prepared the “System of standard classification”. Besides, it also works on the National strategy for internet security. Based on these facts it seems that the task is already finished, although the practical implementation has not even started. To enhance the overall security of internet transactions The Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications argues that online transactions are nonviable at the moment, due again to the late appointment of the Commissioner for Information Society. Adaptations in the regulatory framework E-commerce legislation is currently not as it should be. While the EU framework covers 33 e- commerce related areas 105 , in Slovakia there are only six – electronic commerce (Law on electronic commerce), electronic signature (Law on electronic signature), privacy protection (Law on privacy protection, on protection of secret facts and on personal data protection), copyrights (Copyright law), telecommunication policy (Law on electronic communications) and citizens’ rights (Law on free access to information). In total, the extent of Slovak legislation represents only about 18% of the EU volume. As mentioned above, a new Law on Innovation is ready for adoption and is expected to also promote research in e- commerce. However, the legal support of the information society development is currently based on more or less isolated laws. The whole process lacks a systematic approach, i.e. a framework describing what kind of laws should be adopted, what are their mutual interrelations and what is the time schedule for their elaboration. It also calls for the general support of electronic invoicing and documentation standards for book-keeping purposes. E-commerce development should be also backed up by initiatives in the area of education and online public services, such as JASPI (http://jaspi.justice.gov.sk – unified automated system of legal information), Infovek (www.infovek.sk – connecting schools to the internet), SANET (www.sanet.sk), GOVNET (discontinued), the project of library computerisation, or obcan.sk (public information portal). According to the OECD which evaluated Slovak’s economics in September 2005, Slovakia has still gaps in innovation capacity and informatisation. Minister of Finance Ivan Mikloš considers the new governmental programme – MINERVA (www.iminerva.sk) to be a solution. It focuses on investments in education and research, informatisation, and business environment improvement. 105 For further information see http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ecommerce/legal/legal.html 186
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