MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? - Tartu Ãlikool

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TERVIS JA TÖÖVÕIME HEALTH AND CAPACITY FOR WORK Tervislik seisund mõjutab muu hulgas ka töövõimet ja töötamine, vastupidi, mõjutab tervist. Töötamist segavad nii meestel kui ka naistel peamiselt selja- ja kaelavaevused. Tööst põhjustatud haigused ehk kutsehaigused piiravad töövõimet umbes kolmandikul meestest ja naistest. Tööõnnetusi juhtub kolm korda sagedamini meeste kui naistega, sest tegevusaladel, kus juhtub tööõnnetusi kõige sagedamini, nagu töötlev tööstus, veondus ja ehitus, töötavad peamiselt mehed. Allikad Sources Dupre, D. (2002). The health and safety of men and women at work. – Statistics in focus. Theme 3: Population and social conditions. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, No 4. Eesti Kutsehaigete Liit. (2011). [www] http://ekl.nukka.eu/?doc=10000 (26.08.2011). Esmatasandi tervishoiu arengukava aastateks 2009–2015. (2008). Tallinn: Sotsiaalministeerium. Gender and Health (Canada). (2011). [www] http://genderandhealth.ca/en/modules/introduction/introduction-genderasadeterminantofhealth- Shayna-01.jsp?r= (26.08.2011). Kunst, A., Leinsalu, M., Kasmel, A., Habicht, J. (2002). Social inequalities in Estonia: main report. Tallinn: Sotsiaalministeerium. Lai, T. (2010). Soolised terviseerinevused Eestis. – Teel tasakaalustatud ühiskonda. Naised ja mehed Eestis. Tallinn: Sotsiaalministeerium, lk 77–88. Rahvastiku tervise arengukava 2009–2020. (2008). Tallinn: Sotsiaalministeerium. Tekkel, M., Veideman, T. (2011). Eesti täiskasvanud rahvastiku tervisekäitumise uuring, 2010. Tallinn: Tervise Arengu Instituut. Tööinspektsioon. (2011). [www] http://www.ti.ee (26.08.2011). Wilkins, D., Dr Payne, S., Dr Granville, G., Dr Branney, P. (2008). The Gender and Access to Health Services Study. Final Report. MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? MAN’S HOME IS THE WORLD, WOMAN’S WORLD IS HER HOME? 49
TERVIS JA TÖÖVÕIME HEALTH AND CAPACITY FOR WORK HEALTH AND CAPACITY FOR WORK Jaana Rahno Introduction What exactly is health? According to the definition stated in 1948 by the World Health Organisation (WHO), health is “a status of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. In other words, human health status is a rather subjective matter. Health is not the purpose of life, but means for daily living (Rahvastiku … 2008). Only the people themselves can best know and assess their health. Meanwhile, people with similar health status may provide quite dissimilar assessments of their health. Health is our most important asset and a crucial factor for the survival of the nation. Personal capacity to act depends on health status, and people with better health are more productive. Healthier labour force is also more flexible and capable of better adaptation to changing conditions, reducing labour turnover. Poor health, however, may affect the quality of life and work and it reduces the number of people capable of work as well as the number of working hours and productivity of employed persons (Rahvastiku … 2008). During the recent years, the state has paid increasingly more attention to improving people’s health behaviour, such as launching anti-tobacco and anti-alcohol campaigns. Great emphasis has also been placed on the necessity of healthy diet and recreational sports. Relevant legislation has been adopted to avoid accidents or prevent accident-induced injuries (mandatory use of smoke detectors, mandatory use of safety equipment in cars, mandatory use of helmet when driving two-wheel vehicles, etc.). Thus, the state has already contributed quite a lot to the protection of human health. All this has been done to improve the health of our people. Healthier nation means lower costs on health care. However, everyone can take care of their health and well-being only by their own actions and conduct. Health is affected by human health behaviour, i.e. their choices, social environment and socioeconomic factors, but important role is also attributed to genetic and biological, including gender prerequisites (Lai 2010). On the one hand, differences between the health of men and women are affected by gender-specific biological differences and, on the other hand, dissimilar health behaviour on behalf of men and women. This article is written in view of gender-induced differences in health and health behaviour. WHO states the following about the impact of gender on health: the society prescribes different roles for men and women in dissimilar social environments. Men and women have different means and opportunities and they make different decisions on health-related issues, e.g. seeking help in case of illness. Gender roles also determine social and economic behaviour, which also affect health hazards of males and females (Gender … 2011). This article begins with a demographic overview of the age-specific changes in the proportions of men and women in population and the reasons thereof. The overview is followed by a comparison of mortality and the causes of death of men and women. This section also touches upon life expectancy and the disability free life expectancy. The article continues by focusing mostly on differences in the health status of men and women. First, a more in-depth overview is given about the health assessments of men and women by age, marital status, education, place of residence, ethnic nationality and income. Consideration is also given to the proportion of population suffering from some long-term illness and thus having restricted daily activities due to a health problem, as well as people with official disability. The article continues by observing the health behaviour of men and women from the aspect of use and availability of medical care, and differences in using medicinal products. When examining health behaviour one should definitely compare smoking habits and alcohol consumption by men and women, both of which have significant impact on health. Another factor 50 MEHE KODU ON MAAILM, NAISE MAAILM ON KODU? MAN’S HOME IS THE WORLD, WOMAN’S WORLD IS HER HOME?
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