Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts - DOT On-Line Publications

With minor modifications, the culvert design procedures of this publication are adequate for the
design of low head installations. In the usual case of outlet control, the entrance, friction, and
exit losses can be obtained from the outlet control nomographs in Appendix D. If the
downstream velocity is significant compared with the barrel velocity, the losses should be
calculated using Equations (4a), (4b), and (4c) instead of the outlet control nomograph. Use of
Equation (4c) will reduce the exit losses.
Figure VI-2--Sag Culvert
Figure VI-3--"Broken-Back" Culvert
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