Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts - DOT On-Line Publications

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Figure C-1--Outlet Control Performance Curves 2. Calculate the required headwater elevations at discharges above and below the design discharge, to obtain at least three points on each performance curve. 3. Plot the outlet control performance curves. 4. Select a culvert barrel size, shape and material based on the series of performance curves. This selection is based on the design headwater and flow rate (the design point), the slope of the performance curve and the site considerations discussed previously. A typical series of outlet control performance curves is shown in Figure C-2. 210
C. Inlet Control Performance Curves Next, inlet control performance curves should be drawn for the inlet edge configurations selected. These edges may include square edges, beveled edges, or the throat section of a tapered inlet. A depression may also be incorporated upstream of the inlet control section to lower the inlet control headwater elevation. To construct the inlet control performance curves, perform the following steps: Figure C-2--Box Culvert Outlet Control Performance Curves 1. Calculate the inlet control headwater for the culvert barrel selected based on outlet control. 2. Determine the required face invert elevation to pass the design discharge by subtracting the headwater depth from the design headwater elevation. a. If the inlet invert elevation is above the stream bed elevation at the control section, the invert should be lowered to the stream bed. The culvert will then have a capacity exceeding the design flow with the headwater at the design headwater elevation. b. If the required invert elevation is below the stream bed elevation at the face, the invert must be depressed using a FALL. c. If, in the designer's judgment, the required FALL is excessive, the inlet geometry must be improved or a larger barrel must be used. 211
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Publication No. FHWA-NHI-01-020 Sep
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Acknowledgements This document’s
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) III. CULV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) F. Safety
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LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.) Figure III-
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Factors Inf
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ELhf ELhi ELho ELht ELO ELsf ELSO E
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GLOSSARY (Cont.) p Wetted perimeter
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B. Overview of Culverts A culvert i
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Figure I-9--Side-tapered inlet Figu
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. Partly Full (Free Surface) Flow.
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Table 1--Factors Influencing Culver
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D. Economics The hydraulic design o
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For gaged sites, statistical analys
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volume of the remaining runoff hydr
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Figure II-4--Flood hydrograph shape
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Figure II-6--Cross section location
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. Culvert Length. Important dimensi
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HYDROLOGY Peak Flow Check Flows Tab
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Figure III-1--Types of inlet contro
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Figure II-2--Flow contractions for
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The flow transition zone between th
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Figure III-6--Culvert with Inlet Su
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Condition III-7-A represents the cl
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Outlet control flow conditions can
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2 2 Vu Vd HW o + = TW + + HL (6) 2g
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This approximate method works best
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Figure III-12--Weir Crest Length De
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Critical depth is used when the tai
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4. Add the culvert flow and the roa
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NOTE: If the nomographs are put int
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Figure III-19--Critical Depth Chart
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(1) If the Manning’s n value give
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Example Problem #1 (SI Units) A cul
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Example Problem #2 (SI Units) A new
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Example Problem #3 (SI Units) Desig
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Example Problem #4 (SI Units) An ex
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CHART 51A Figure III-21--Inlet Cont
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2. Outlet Control. a. Partly Full F
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Backwater Calculations From hydraul
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English Units INLET CONTROL: AD 0.
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A. Introduction IV. TAPERED INLETS
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height by more than 10 percent (1.1
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A slope-tapered inlet has three pos
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The mitered face slope-tapered inle
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La is the approximate length of the
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E. Design Methods Figure IV-9--Tape
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a. Complete Design Data. Fill in th
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H 1 i. For FALL < D/4, use side-tap
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3. Example Problems a. Example Prob
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. Example Problem #1 (English Units
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103
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105
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c. Example Problem #2 (SI Units). F
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Conclusions: A side-tapered inlet a
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111
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G. Circular Pipe Culverts 1. Design
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Double barrel slope-tapered inlets
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. Example Problem #3 (English Units
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121
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A. The Routing Concept V. STORAGE R
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C. Application to Culvert Design Fi
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Figure V-6--Peak Flow Reduction Bas
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I + I + ( 2s / ∆t − O) = ( 2s /
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Table 5--Inflow Hydrograph, Example
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Figure V-10—Culvert Design Form f
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Figure V-14--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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Table 5 --Inflow Hydrograph, Exampl
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Figure V-18--Culvert Design Form fo
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Figure V-22--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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A. Introduction VI. SPECIAL CONSIDE
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With minor modifications, the culve
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If headwater and flow consideration
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Figure VI-6--Subatmospheric Pressur
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Figure VI-7--Fish Baffles in Culver
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A popular method of providing for f
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passage of the peak flow. Methods f
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Figure VI-15--Sediment Deposition i
Page 179 and 180: 1. Skewed Barrels. The alignment of
Page 181 and 182: Skewed inlets slightly reduce the h
Page 183 and 184: arrel for pipes or the flow per met
Page 185 and 186: Culvert shapes are as important in
Page 187 and 188: • Flood plain ordinances or other
Page 189 and 190: Figure VI-28--Guardrail Adjacent to
Page 191 and 192: Both of the above equations are emp
Page 193 and 194: Tables, charts, and formulas are av
Page 195 and 196: 3. Endwalls and Wingwalls. Culvert
Page 197 and 198: 2. Hydraulic Considerations. Long s
Page 199 and 200: conditions. Variations in the concr
Page 201 and 202: REFERENCES (www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge
Page 203 and 204: 28. "Design Approaches for Stormwat
Page 205 and 206: 54. "Hydraulic Analysis of Pipe-Arc
Page 207 and 208: ADDITIONAL REFERENCES (In Alphabeti
Page 209 and 210: "Risk Analysis For Hydraulic Design
Page 211 and 212: A. Introduction APPENDIX A DESIGN M
Page 213 and 214: Chart No. 1 Shape and Material Circ
Page 215 and 216: NOTE: The rest of this Appendix A i
Page 217 and 218: Figure A-1--Dimensionless Performan
Page 219 and 220: developed for circular and elliptic
Page 221 and 222: APPENDIX B HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF
Page 223 and 224: D. Corrugated Metal Culverts The hy
Page 225 and 226: Curves are shown for 2-2/3 by 1/2 i
Page 227 and 228: F. Spiral Rib Pipe Spiral rib pipe
Page 229: APPENDIX C CULVERT DESIGN OPTIMIZAT
Page 233 and 234: Figure C-4--Optimization of Perform
Page 235 and 236: E. Tapered Inlet Face Control Perfo
Page 237 and 238: APPENDIX D DESIGN CHARTS, TABLES, A
Page 239 and 240: Chart Corrugated Metal Box Culverts
Page 241 and 242: Chart Circular Tapered Inlets 55A,
Page 243 and 244: Table 12--Entrance Loss Coefficient
Page 245 and 246: CHART 1B 225
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