Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts - DOT On-Line Publications

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Acknowledgements This document’s first edition’s report number was FHWA-IP-85-15 with a date of September 1985. Jerome M. Norman and Associates of Norfolk, Virginia 23503 prepared it. The sponsoring organization was: Office of Implementation, HRT-10 Federal Highway Administration 6200 Georgetown Pike McLean, Virginia 22101 The project manager was John M. Kurdziel (HRT-10). The technical assistants were Philip L. Thompson, Dennis Richards, and J. Sterling Jones. ii
METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS For those interested in using the metric system, the inch-pound units used in this manual may be converted to metric units by the following factors. From Multiply by iii To obtain Unit Abbrev. Unit Abbrev. cubic foot ft 3 /s 0.02832 cubic meter m 3 /s per second per second foot ft 0.3048 meter m square foot ft, 0.0929 square meter m 2 cubic foot ft 3 0.0283 cubic meter m 3 inch in 2.54 centimeter cm square mile mi 2 2.59 square kilometer km 2 acre 0.4047 hectare foot per second ft/s 0.3048 meter per second m/s
Page 1: Publication No. FHWA-NHI-01-020 Sep
Page 6 and 7: (Page intentionally blank) iv
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) III. CULV
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) F. Safety
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.) Figure III-
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Factors Inf
Page 16 and 17: ELhf ELhi ELho ELht ELO ELsf ELSO E
Page 18 and 19: GLOSSARY (Cont.) p Wetted perimeter
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Page 22 and 23: B. Overview of Culverts A culvert i
Page 24 and 25: Figure I-9--Side-tapered inlet Figu
Page 26 and 27: . Partly Full (Free Surface) Flow.
Page 28 and 29: Table 1--Factors Influencing Culver
Page 30 and 31: D. Economics The hydraulic design o
Page 32 and 33: For gaged sites, statistical analys
Page 34 and 35: volume of the remaining runoff hydr
Page 36 and 37: Figure II-4--Flood hydrograph shape
Page 38 and 39: Figure II-6--Cross section location
Page 40 and 41: . Culvert Length. Important dimensi
Page 42 and 43: HYDROLOGY Peak Flow Check Flows Tab
Page 44 and 45: Figure III-1--Types of inlet contro
Page 46 and 47: Figure II-2--Flow contractions for
Page 48 and 49: The flow transition zone between th
Page 50 and 51: Figure III-6--Culvert with Inlet Su
Page 52 and 53: Condition III-7-A represents the cl
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Outlet control flow conditions can
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2 2 Vu Vd HW o + = TW + + HL (6) 2g
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This approximate method works best
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Figure III-12--Weir Crest Length De
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Critical depth is used when the tai
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4. Add the culvert flow and the roa
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NOTE: If the nomographs are put int
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Figure III-19--Critical Depth Chart
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(1) If the Manning’s n value give
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Example Problem #1 (SI Units) A cul
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Example Problem #2 (SI Units) A new
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Example Problem #3 (SI Units) Desig
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Example Problem #4 (SI Units) An ex
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CHART 51A Figure III-21--Inlet Cont
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2. Outlet Control. a. Partly Full F
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Backwater Calculations From hydraul
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English Units INLET CONTROL: AD 0.
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A. Introduction IV. TAPERED INLETS
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height by more than 10 percent (1.1
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A slope-tapered inlet has three pos
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The mitered face slope-tapered inle
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La is the approximate length of the
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E. Design Methods Figure IV-9--Tape
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a. Complete Design Data. Fill in th
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H 1 i. For FALL < D/4, use side-tap
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3. Example Problems a. Example Prob
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. Example Problem #1 (English Units
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103
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105
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c. Example Problem #2 (SI Units). F
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Conclusions: A side-tapered inlet a
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111
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G. Circular Pipe Culverts 1. Design
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Double barrel slope-tapered inlets
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117
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. Example Problem #3 (English Units
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121
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A. The Routing Concept V. STORAGE R
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C. Application to Culvert Design Fi
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Figure V-6--Peak Flow Reduction Bas
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I + I + ( 2s / ∆t − O) = ( 2s /
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Table 5--Inflow Hydrograph, Example
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Figure V-10—Culvert Design Form f
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Figure V-14--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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Table 5 --Inflow Hydrograph, Exampl
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Figure V-18--Culvert Design Form fo
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Figure V-22--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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A. Introduction VI. SPECIAL CONSIDE
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With minor modifications, the culve
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If headwater and flow consideration
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Figure VI-6--Subatmospheric Pressur
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Figure VI-7--Fish Baffles in Culver
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A popular method of providing for f
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passage of the peak flow. Methods f
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Figure VI-15--Sediment Deposition i
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1. Skewed Barrels. The alignment of
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Skewed inlets slightly reduce the h
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arrel for pipes or the flow per met
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Culvert shapes are as important in
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• Flood plain ordinances or other
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Figure VI-28--Guardrail Adjacent to
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Both of the above equations are emp
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Tables, charts, and formulas are av
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3. Endwalls and Wingwalls. Culvert
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2. Hydraulic Considerations. Long s
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conditions. Variations in the concr
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REFERENCES (www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge
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28. "Design Approaches for Stormwat
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54. "Hydraulic Analysis of Pipe-Arc
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ADDITIONAL REFERENCES (In Alphabeti
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"Risk Analysis For Hydraulic Design
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A. Introduction APPENDIX A DESIGN M
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Chart No. 1 Shape and Material Circ
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NOTE: The rest of this Appendix A i
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Figure A-1--Dimensionless Performan
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developed for circular and elliptic
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APPENDIX B HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF
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D. Corrugated Metal Culverts The hy
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Curves are shown for 2-2/3 by 1/2 i
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F. Spiral Rib Pipe Spiral rib pipe
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APPENDIX C CULVERT DESIGN OPTIMIZAT
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C. Inlet Control Performance Curves
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Figure C-4--Optimization of Perform
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E. Tapered Inlet Face Control Perfo
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APPENDIX D DESIGN CHARTS, TABLES, A
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Chart Corrugated Metal Box Culverts
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Chart Circular Tapered Inlets 55A,
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Table 12--Entrance Loss Coefficient
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CHART 1B 225
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