Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts - DOT On-Line Publications

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Figure III-6--Culvert with Inlet Sump When a culvert is depressed below the stream bed at the inlet, the depression is called the FALL. For culverts without tapered inlets, the FALL is defined as the depth from the natural stream bed at the face to the inlet invert. For culverts with tapered inlets, the FALL is defined as the depth from the natural stream bed at the face to the throat invert. Tapered inlets will be discussed further in Chapter 4. b. Outlet Control (1) Examples of Outlet Control. Figure III-7 illustrates various outlet control flow conditions. In all cases, the control section is at the outlet end of the culvert or further downstream. For the partly full flow situations, the flow in the barrel is subcritical. 30
Figure III-7--Types of Outlet Control 31
Page 1: Publication No. FHWA-NHI-01-020 Sep
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgements This document’s
Page 6 and 7: (Page intentionally blank) iv
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) III. CULV
Page 10 and 11: TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) F. Safety
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.) Figure III-
Page 14 and 15: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Factors Inf
Page 16 and 17: ELhf ELhi ELho ELht ELO ELsf ELSO E
Page 18 and 19: GLOSSARY (Cont.) p Wetted perimeter
Page 20 and 21: (Page intentionally blank) xviii
Page 22 and 23: B. Overview of Culverts A culvert i
Page 24 and 25: Figure I-9--Side-tapered inlet Figu
Page 26 and 27: . Partly Full (Free Surface) Flow.
Page 28 and 29: Table 1--Factors Influencing Culver
Page 30 and 31: D. Economics The hydraulic design o
Page 32 and 33: For gaged sites, statistical analys
Page 34 and 35: volume of the remaining runoff hydr
Page 36 and 37: Figure II-4--Flood hydrograph shape
Page 38 and 39: Figure II-6--Cross section location
Page 40 and 41: . Culvert Length. Important dimensi
Page 42 and 43: HYDROLOGY Peak Flow Check Flows Tab
Page 44 and 45: Figure III-1--Types of inlet contro
Page 46 and 47: Figure II-2--Flow contractions for
Page 48 and 49: The flow transition zone between th
Page 52 and 53: Condition III-7-A represents the cl
Page 54 and 55: Outlet control flow conditions can
Page 56 and 57: 2 2 Vu Vd HW o + = TW + + HL (6) 2g
Page 58 and 59: This approximate method works best
Page 60 and 61: Figure III-12--Weir Crest Length De
Page 62 and 63: Critical depth is used when the tai
Page 64 and 65: 4. Add the culvert flow and the roa
Page 66 and 67: NOTE: If the nomographs are put int
Page 68 and 69: Figure III-19--Critical Depth Chart
Page 70 and 71: (1) If the Manning’s n value give
Page 72: Example Problem #1 (SI Units) A cul
Page 80 and 81: Example Problem #2 (SI Units) A new
Page 82 and 83: Example Problem #3 (SI Units) Desig
Page 84: Example Problem #4 (SI Units) An ex
Page 88 and 89: CHART 51A Figure III-21--Inlet Cont
Page 90 and 91: 2. Outlet Control. a. Partly Full F
Page 92 and 93: Backwater Calculations From hydraul
Page 95 and 96: English Units INLET CONTROL: AD 0.
Page 99 and 100: A. Introduction IV. TAPERED INLETS
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height by more than 10 percent (1.1
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A slope-tapered inlet has three pos
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The mitered face slope-tapered inle
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La is the approximate length of the
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E. Design Methods Figure IV-9--Tape
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a. Complete Design Data. Fill in th
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H 1 i. For FALL < D/4, use side-tap
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3. Example Problems a. Example Prob
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. Example Problem #1 (English Units
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103
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105
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c. Example Problem #2 (SI Units). F
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Conclusions: A side-tapered inlet a
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111
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G. Circular Pipe Culverts 1. Design
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Double barrel slope-tapered inlets
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117
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. Example Problem #3 (English Units
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121
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A. The Routing Concept V. STORAGE R
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C. Application to Culvert Design Fi
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Figure V-6--Peak Flow Reduction Bas
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I + I + ( 2s / ∆t − O) = ( 2s /
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Table 5--Inflow Hydrograph, Example
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Figure V-10—Culvert Design Form f
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Figure V-14--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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Table 5 --Inflow Hydrograph, Exampl
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Figure V-18--Culvert Design Form fo
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Figure V-22--Storage vs. Outflow Re
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A. Introduction VI. SPECIAL CONSIDE
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With minor modifications, the culve
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If headwater and flow consideration
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Figure VI-6--Subatmospheric Pressur
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Figure VI-7--Fish Baffles in Culver
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A popular method of providing for f
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passage of the peak flow. Methods f
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Figure VI-15--Sediment Deposition i
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1. Skewed Barrels. The alignment of
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Skewed inlets slightly reduce the h
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arrel for pipes or the flow per met
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Culvert shapes are as important in
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• Flood plain ordinances or other
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Figure VI-28--Guardrail Adjacent to
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Both of the above equations are emp
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Tables, charts, and formulas are av
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3. Endwalls and Wingwalls. Culvert
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2. Hydraulic Considerations. Long s
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conditions. Variations in the concr
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REFERENCES (www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge
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28. "Design Approaches for Stormwat
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54. "Hydraulic Analysis of Pipe-Arc
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ADDITIONAL REFERENCES (In Alphabeti
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"Risk Analysis For Hydraulic Design
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A. Introduction APPENDIX A DESIGN M
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Chart No. 1 Shape and Material Circ
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NOTE: The rest of this Appendix A i
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Figure A-1--Dimensionless Performan
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developed for circular and elliptic
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APPENDIX B HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF
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D. Corrugated Metal Culverts The hy
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Curves are shown for 2-2/3 by 1/2 i
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F. Spiral Rib Pipe Spiral rib pipe
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APPENDIX C CULVERT DESIGN OPTIMIZAT
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C. Inlet Control Performance Curves
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Figure C-4--Optimization of Perform
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E. Tapered Inlet Face Control Perfo
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APPENDIX D DESIGN CHARTS, TABLES, A
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Chart Corrugated Metal Box Culverts
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Chart Circular Tapered Inlets 55A,
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Table 12--Entrance Loss Coefficient
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CHART 1B 225
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