42. "Field and Laboratory Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Energy Dissipators for <strong>Culverts</strong> and Storm Drain Outlets. Volume I - Modular Energy Dissipators, Internal Energy Dissipators and Rock Channel Protection," S. Sarikelle and A.L. Simon, FHWA-OH-79-03, Akron University Department <strong>of</strong> Civil Engineering, Akron, Ohio 44325, December 1980. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. 43. "Field and Laboratory Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Energy Dissipators for Culvert and Storm Outlets. Volume II--Field Performance <strong>of</strong> Corrugated Metal <strong>Culverts</strong>," S. Sarikelle and A.L. Simon, FHWA-OH-79-04, Akron University, 302 East Buchtel Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325, December 1980. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. 44. "<strong>Highway</strong>s in the River Environment - <strong>Hydraulic</strong> and Environmental <strong>Design</strong> Considerations," Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, May 1975. 45. "Debris Control Structures," G. Reihsen and L. J. Harrison, HEC No. 9, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, 1971. 46. "The <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> Encroachments on Flood Plains Using Risk Analysis," M.L. Corry, J.S. Jones and P.L. Thompson, HEC No. 17, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, October 1980. 47. "Handbook <strong>of</strong> Applied <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s," Calvin V. Davis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1952. 48. "Wastewater Engineering," Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1972 49. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> Performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>Culverts</strong> with Safety Grates," L.W. Mays, M.E. Walker, M.S. Bennet, and R.P. Arbuckle, FHWA/TX-82/55T301-1F; PB83-219626, Texas University, Austin Center for Transportation Research, Austin, Texas 78712, March 1983. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. 50. "Standard Specifications for <strong>Highway</strong> Bridges," 13th Edition, American Association <strong>of</strong> State <strong>Highway</strong> and Transportation Officials, 1983. 51. "Corrosion Performance <strong>of</strong> Aluminum Culvert," T.A. Lowe and A.H. Koepf, <strong>Highway</strong> Research Record No. 56, <strong>Highway</strong> Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1964, pp. 98-115. 52. "Evaluation <strong>of</strong> the Durability <strong>of</strong> Metal Drainage Pipe," R.W. Kinchen, Transportation Research Record N762, pp. 25-32, Transportation Research Board <strong>Publications</strong> Office, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20418, 1980. 53. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> Improved Inlets for <strong>Culverts</strong> Using Programmable Calculations," P.D. Wlaschin, M.M. Chatfield, A.H. Lowe, R.G. Magalong, Calculator <strong>Design</strong> Series 1, 2, & 3 for the Compucorp-325 Scientist, the HP-65, and the TI-59 programmable calculators, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, October 1980. 184
54. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> Analysis <strong>of</strong> Pipe-Arch and Elliptical Shape <strong>Culverts</strong> Using Programmable- Calculators," Calculator <strong>Design</strong> Series 4, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, March 1982. 55. "Electronic Computer Program for <strong>Hydraulic</strong> Analysis <strong>of</strong> Pipe - Arch <strong>Culverts</strong>," HY-2, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, May 1969. 56. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Highway</strong> <strong>Culverts</strong>," Herbert G. Bossy, Draft HDS, Unpublished notes furnished by <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, April 1963. 57. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> Large Structural Plate Corrugated Metal <strong>Culverts</strong>," Jerome M. Normann, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, January 1974. 58. "<strong>Hydraulic</strong> <strong>Design</strong> Detail," DP-131, Edition 1, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation, Oakland, CA, 1984. 59. "Electronic Computer Program for <strong>Hydraulic</strong> Analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>Culverts</strong>," Mario Marques, HY-6, <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Branch, Bridge Division, Office <strong>of</strong> Engineering, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, 1979. 60. "Computation <strong>of</strong> Uniform and Nonuniform Flow in Prismatic Channels," Paul N. Zelensky, Office <strong>of</strong> Research, FHWA, Washington, D.C. 20590, November 1972. 61. "Handbook <strong>of</strong> Steel Drainage and <strong>Highway</strong> Construction Products," American Iron and Steel Institute, 1000 - 16th, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, 1983. 62. "Applied <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s in Engineering," Henry M. Morris and James M. Wiggert, John Wiley & Sons, 1972. 63. "Concrete Pipe Handbook," American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA), 8320 Old Courthouse Road, Vienna, VA 22180, June 1980. 64. "Resistance to Flow in Two Types <strong>of</strong> Concrete Pipe," Technical Paper No. 22, Series B, Lorenz G. Straub, Charles E. Bowers, and Meir Pilch, University <strong>of</strong> Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls <strong>Hydraulic</strong> Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN, December 1960. 65. "Friction Factor Tests on Spiral Rib Pipes," <strong>Hydraulic</strong> Program Report No. 83, J. Paul Tullis, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, April 1983. 66. "A Study <strong>of</strong> Manning's Roughness Coefficient for Commercial Concrete and Plastic Pipes," D. K. May, A. W. Peterson and N. Rajaratnam, T. Blench <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Laboratory, University <strong>of</strong> Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, January 26, 1986. 67. "Friction Factor Tests on Concrete Pipe," <strong>Hydraulic</strong>s Report No. 157 J. Paul Tullis, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, October 1986. 185
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Publication No. FHWA-NHI-01-020 Sep
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Acknowledgements This document’s
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) III. CULV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) F. Safety
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LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.) Figure III-
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Factors Inf
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ELhf ELhi ELho ELht ELO ELsf ELSO E
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GLOSSARY (Cont.) p Wetted perimeter
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B. Overview of Culverts A culvert i
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Figure I-9--Side-tapered inlet Figu
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. Partly Full (Free Surface) Flow.
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Table 1--Factors Influencing Culver
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D. Economics The hydraulic design o
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For gaged sites, statistical analys
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volume of the remaining runoff hydr
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Figure II-4--Flood hydrograph shape
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Figure II-6--Cross section location
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. Culvert Length. Important dimensi
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HYDROLOGY Peak Flow Check Flows Tab
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Figure III-1--Types of inlet contro
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Figure II-2--Flow contractions for
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The flow transition zone between th
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Figure III-6--Culvert with Inlet Su
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Condition III-7-A represents the cl
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Outlet control flow conditions can
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2 2 Vu Vd HW o + = TW + + HL (6) 2g
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This approximate method works best
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Figure III-12--Weir Crest Length De
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Critical depth is used when the tai
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4. Add the culvert flow and the roa
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NOTE: If the nomographs are put int
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Figure III-19--Critical Depth Chart
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(1) If the Manning’s n value give
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Example Problem #1 (SI Units) A cul
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Example Problem #2 (SI Units) A new
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Example Problem #3 (SI Units) Desig
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Example Problem #4 (SI Units) An ex
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CHART 51A Figure III-21--Inlet Cont
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2. Outlet Control. a. Partly Full F
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Backwater Calculations From hydraul
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English Units INLET CONTROL: AD 0.
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A. Introduction IV. TAPERED INLETS
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height by more than 10 percent (1.1
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A slope-tapered inlet has three pos
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The mitered face slope-tapered inle
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La is the approximate length of the
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E. Design Methods Figure IV-9--Tape
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a. Complete Design Data. Fill in th
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H 1 i. For FALL < D/4, use side-tap
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3. Example Problems a. Example Prob
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. Example Problem #1 (English Units
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103
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105
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c. Example Problem #2 (SI Units). F
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Conclusions: A side-tapered inlet a
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111
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G. Circular Pipe Culverts 1. Design
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Double barrel slope-tapered inlets
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117
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. Example Problem #3 (English Units
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121
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A. The Routing Concept V. STORAGE R
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C. Application to Culvert Design Fi
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Figure V-6--Peak Flow Reduction Bas
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I + I + ( 2s / ∆t − O) = ( 2s /
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Table 5--Inflow Hydrograph, Example
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