Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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B. 3.3 PARASOUND sediment echosounding Rogenhagen, J., Usbeck, R. One of the fixed sensor installations onboard the “Polarstern” is the sediment echosounder PARASOUND (Krupp Atlas Electronics, Bremen). The system provides digital, high resolution information on the sediment coverage and the internal structure of the sediments. For this purpose the echosounder uses the so-called parametric effect: PARASOUND radiates two primary frequencies in the kilohertz range that generate a secondary pulse of lower frequency, which provides the signal. The secondary frequency can be chosen between 2.5 and 5.5 kHz and is adjusted by varying the variable primary frequency from 20.5-23.5 kHz while the other is fixed to 18 kHz. Due to its low secondary frequency and a small emitting angle of 4 degrees PARASOUND achieves high resolution of the sediment structures and penetrating depths of around 100 meters. The reflected signals of the subbottom sediments are displayed on a digital thermal printer (Atlas DESO 25). Data recording is done by a PC-based software (PARADIGMA) that digitises the signal. Finally, data is stored on hard disks for further processing. Furthermore, two printers are installed with the system, to give a tabular printout of the recording parameters and a coloured online profile. The secondary frequency of the sediment echosounder during the cruise had been 4 kHz with a recording length of mostly 133 ms (that corresponds to a depth range of 100 m assuming sound velocity of water). Mainly good weather conditions with calm seas provided excellent measuring conditions. The echosounding system itself worked properly and without any break downs. In total, the PARASOUND system operated for about 280 hours and approx. 5 GB of data were recorded and stored on CD-ROM. The data had been edited, postprocessed and visualized. The complete dataset will be submitted and incorporated in the PANGAEA Database hosted by the AWI (see examples of the visualization in Figs. B3.3-1 and B3.3-2) The PARASOUND system has been in use in the small scale investigations in the area of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano, some profiles were measured while transferring between working areas. The data will provide important preconditions for the three dimensional correlation of profiles and the sediment cores that are taken on that profiles. - 175 -
Fig. B3.3-1: Display of a 4 km long profile crossing the Mud Volcano from north to south. In the centre, almost no penetration is achieved. Here, high gas content of the sediments leads to a blanking of the signal and only the uppermost part of the Mud Volcano is visible. North and south of the central part, the signal penetration rises to around 30 m and a stack of sedimentary layers is displayed in good resolution. They build up a circular rim of the Mud Volcano and are probably formed by sediments emerging as mud flows from the volcano. Fig. B3.3-2: Example of a profile in the vicinity of the Mud Volcano. Here, along the continental margin some small scale features were detected, that are of the same dimension as the Mud Volcano and also show partly blanking of the deeper interior. From echosounding it is known that at these locations there is no gas plume in the water column, so these structures might be sediment diapirs or former and non-active mud volcanoes and need further investigations. - 176 -
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 wi
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B. 1 Cruise leg ARK XIX/3b: An intr
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The ARK XIX/3 expedition A. 1 Itine
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positioning and navigation of the "
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was followed to obtain video materi
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On Friday morning the 20 th of June
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Fig. A1-2: The working area of the
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"Polarstern" (actual air temperatur
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6000" was still at depth "Polarster
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aseline navigation antennae which a
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Fig. A1-3: Entire cruise track of R
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At end of the leg pressure rising b
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The temperatures during the cruise
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Most frequent wind direction was so
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A. 3.1 High resolution seabed mappi
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On the other hand, the accuracy of
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The sampling campaign was also unde
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Hydrosweep DS2 is installed onboard
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Fig. A4.2-2: Normalized backscatter
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In addition to the micro bathymetry
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ackscatter value of -37.0dB, -38.9d
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athymetry and angular backscatter d
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A. 4.3 Sedimentary and hydrodynamic
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glacial periods. There is also evid
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Fig. A4.3.2-2: Visualisation of dif
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It seems that all the mounds along
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Visible calcareous fauna removed (b
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Fig. A4.3.3-2 Location of SAMS Phot
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Box Core Sample Log Sheet Station N
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A. 4.3.4 Influence of mound topogra
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A. 4.3.5 Photo lander deployment on
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- UMI data logger controlling a tra
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Fig. A4.3.5-3. Close-up view of the
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Lineated features are present NE of
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CARACOLE Cruise Report 30/07/2001 (
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intermediate nepheloid layers (Dick
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Fig. A4.4.1-2. Location of main stu
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A. 4.4.3 Biogeoprocesses along the
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in the database with the exact posi
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The areas with significant benthic
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predators and strong bottom current
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faunal distribution. Palaentologica
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ocks predate the last glaciation, s
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A. 4.4.6 Biological and geological
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Hovland M, Croker PF, Martin M (199
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Live fauna Sediments Live fauna and
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Page 131 and 132: A. 4.8 Deep water coral ecology and
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Page 137 and 138: Fig. A4.8.2-4: Feather-shaped alcyo
Page 139 and 140: Fig. A4.8.2-7: Top left) Yellow alc
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Page 151 and 152: Network Setup for Tests The setup f
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Page 157 and 158: surrounded by elevated sediment fea
Page 159 and 160: B. 2 Microbathymetry on ROV "Victor
Page 161 and 162: Pitch correction Due to assembling
Page 163 and 164: Maps Complete area Håkon Mosby Mud
Page 165 and 166: B. 3 Geochemistry, geophysics and s
Page 167 and 168: Heat Flow HMMV 2m # # # # # # # # #
Page 169 and 170: Lat_dec. Lon_dec Name k T_0m PS64/s
Page 171 and 172: Temperature / Gravity Corer # GC9 #
Page 173 and 174: Table B3.2-1: Technical specificati
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Page 181 and 182: Fig. B3.4-1b: Lithological descript
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Page 185 and 186: Fig. B3.4-1f: Lithological descript
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Page 189 and 190: As an example, a echo sounder image
Page 191 and 192: B. 5 Biological investigations at t
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Page 201 and 202: B. 5.2 Microscale analysis of the s
Page 203 and 204: Laboratory measurements Central sit
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Page 207 and 208: Photograph of the sulfide oxidising
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Page 213 and 214: B. 5.3 Methane in gas hydrate beari
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Page 225 and 226: References Milkov, A., Vogt, P., Ch
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ROV "Victor 6000" The ROV "Victor 6
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has spent in organising the coring
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A multiple corer was used to retrie
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At the position of the moorings a C
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Micro profiles of O 2 but also of p
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The current regime luff and lee sid
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2° 3° 4° N2 5° PS64/481 PS64/48
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station IRD archive liner bulk x-ra
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C. 4 Marine Geology Kukina, N. Majo
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2° 3° 4° 5° 6° PS64/481 79°20
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Appendix 1: List of samples for fut
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material via the Transpolar Drift t
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ounding processes as well. One poss
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The most frequent rock type is sand
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Eastern Greenland, Iceland and Scan
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C. 6 Debris on the seafloor at “H
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Results A summary of the results is
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enthic community are of crucial imp
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frame showed no obvious colonisatio
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subsamples (area of 400 - 800 cm 2
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using shipboard techniques - provid
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Tab C11-1: Stationlist of in situ m
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Climate models predict that global
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90 mean copepod densities/ 10 cm 2
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- Molecular phylogeny and phylogeog
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Species Stations Tmetonyx sp.1 326-
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was used to terminate and sample th
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openings of 45° at both sides the
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Station Date Time PositionLat Posit
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E. Participating institutes / compa
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Acronym Participants iSiTEC GmbH IS
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F. Participants F. 1 Participants A
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F. 2 Participants ARK XIX/3b Armand
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F. 3 Participants ARK XIX/3c Bauerf
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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