Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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sediment fractions in particular sediment layers, organic carbon and nitrogen content, C/N ratio and concentration of Chl. a. Results on bacteria and chemical parameters will be compared with the data provided by AWI. On this basis we are expecting to get a view on the relation between faunal distribution and parameters explaining food conditions at each water depth. This would allow then to conclude about the potential role of benthic fauna in processing of organic matter reaching the bottom surface at different water depths. Acknowledgements We wish to express our thanks to Martina Kunz-Pirrung, Jens Matthiessen and Michael Pirrung for their help with the box-corer. Eveline Hoste, Natalia Budaeva and Natalia Kukina are acknowledged for their help with sampling and washing the sediment. Our thanks are also to Karen von Juterzenka for her help and advice. The crew and all the scientific staff onboard the polar research icebreaker “Polarstern” is thanked for the fantastic working environment during the cruise ARK-XIX/3c. C. 11 Distribution patterns and carbon demand of epibenthic megafauna Piepenburg, D., Schmid, M. Introduction Analysing still photographs and video footage taken during the ROV dives will assess species composition, abundance and distribution patterns of megabenthic organisms occurring in the “Hausgarten”. This material will complement imaging data taken during “Polarstern” cruise ARK XVIII in 2002 and, thus, enhance the spatial coverage in the inventory of habitats in the study area. In the long run, this work will contribute to an ecological mapping (“marine habitat classification”) of the entire “Hausgarten” environment. The carbon demand of benthic communities has been estimated in numerous studies by assessing the sediment oxygen uptake, i.e. by incubating sediment cores and following the decrease of dissolved oxygen in the ambient overlying water with time. These measurements – regardless of whether they are performed in situ with benthic lander or - 269 -
using shipboard techniques – provide a bulk parameter, i.e. the “sediment community oxygen consumption” (SCOC) or “sediment oxygen demand” (SOD), which integrates chemical oxygen uptake plus total aerobic respiration of all benthic organisms contained in the core. The cores used for sediment-water incubations are usually rather small and cover only modest sample areas (< 500 cm 2 ). Therefore, they only contain organisms ranging in body size from micro-, meio- to small macrobenthos but no megafauna. For these animals, total population or assemblage respiration – and, by implication, carbon demand – cannot be measured directly with an integrating determination but has to be approximated by other approaches, such as combining abundance or biomass figures with individual respiration rates. We will use this method to estimate the oxygen and carbon demand of the epibenthic megafauna in the “Hausgarten” area. Besides precise information on abundance and distribution, a sound knowledge about the individual oxygen consumption rates is critical for assessing the carbon demand of megabenthos assemblages. However, only few data on individual oxygen uptake are available for deep-sea Arctic species, mainly because many technical problems are involved in performing unbiased measurements of routine respiration rates of unstressed animals at low ambient temperatures. Therefore, live megafaunal specimens will be collected – either by means of the ROV or from box cores and trawl catches – and kept in aquaria. Respiration measurements of these specimens are difficult, but new sensitive techniques (with optodes as oxygen sensors) will be used to determine rates with sufficient precision in lab measurements conducted on board the research vessel. Furthermore, it is planned to use the capabilities of the ROV to measure the respiration of selected megabenthic specimens in situ. Our basic rationale has been to complement studies on other portions of the benthic community (micro- to macrobenthos) being conducted by other working groups. A synopsis of the various results will allow for achieving a more comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem under study. The main goals of our various megabenthos investigations were: 1. Assessment of small-scale distribution patterns of megafaunal associations in the “Hausgarten” area using imaging methods. - 270 -
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 wi
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B. 1 Cruise leg ARK XIX/3b: An intr
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The ARK XIX/3 expedition A. 1 Itine
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positioning and navigation of the "
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was followed to obtain video materi
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On Friday morning the 20 th of June
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Fig. A1-2: The working area of the
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"Polarstern" (actual air temperatur
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6000" was still at depth "Polarster
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aseline navigation antennae which a
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Fig. A1-3: Entire cruise track of R
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At end of the leg pressure rising b
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The temperatures during the cruise
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Most frequent wind direction was so
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A. 3.1 High resolution seabed mappi
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On the other hand, the accuracy of
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The sampling campaign was also unde
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Hydrosweep DS2 is installed onboard
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Fig. A4.2-2: Normalized backscatter
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In addition to the micro bathymetry
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ackscatter value of -37.0dB, -38.9d
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athymetry and angular backscatter d
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A. 4.3 Sedimentary and hydrodynamic
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glacial periods. There is also evid
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Fig. A4.3.2-2: Visualisation of dif
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It seems that all the mounds along
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Visible calcareous fauna removed (b
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Fig. A4.3.3-2 Location of SAMS Phot
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Box Core Sample Log Sheet Station N
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A. 4.3.4 Influence of mound topogra
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A. 4.3.5 Photo lander deployment on
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- UMI data logger controlling a tra
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Fig. A4.3.5-3. Close-up view of the
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Lineated features are present NE of
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CARACOLE Cruise Report 30/07/2001 (
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intermediate nepheloid layers (Dick
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Fig. A4.4.1-2. Location of main stu
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A. 4.4.3 Biogeoprocesses along the
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in the database with the exact posi
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The areas with significant benthic
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predators and strong bottom current
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faunal distribution. Palaentologica
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ocks predate the last glaciation, s
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A. 4.4.6 Biological and geological
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Hovland M, Croker PF, Martin M (199
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Live fauna Sediments Live fauna and
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sites can subsequently be transport
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4) The NSOW has similar water mass
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 P
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A. 4.8 Deep water coral ecology and
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and video observations made. On ret
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Fig. A4.8.2-2: This orange, planar
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Fig. A4.8.2-4: Feather-shaped alcyo
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Fig. A4.8.2-7: Top left) Yellow alc
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scour or demersal trawling. The gro
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survey at frequencies of 38, 70, 12
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"Belgica mounds" - Porcupine Seabig
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"Twin mounds" - Porcupine Bank 14°
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corals were alive, relatively abund
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Network Setup for Tests The setup f
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are only initial testings and much
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pressure produced as a consequence
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surrounded by elevated sediment fea
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B. 2 Microbathymetry on ROV "Victor
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Pitch correction Due to assembling
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Maps Complete area Håkon Mosby Mud
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B. 3 Geochemistry, geophysics and s
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Heat Flow HMMV 2m # # # # # # # # #
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Lat_dec. Lon_dec Name k T_0m PS64/s
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Temperature / Gravity Corer # GC9 #
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Table B3.2-1: Technical specificati
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Sound velocity: As the cores all co
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Fig. B3.3-1: Display of a 4 km long
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sediment cores varies between 166 t
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Fig. B3.4-1b: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1d: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1f: Lithological descript
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hydrotroilite and gas hydrate, this
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As an example, a echo sounder image
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B. 5 Biological investigations at t
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- How much methane is oxidized aero
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profiler). Bottom water samples hav
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the water column was measured using
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1 kg of tubeworms in wet weight. Th
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B. 5.2 Microscale analysis of the s
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Laboratory measurements Central sit
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O2, CO3-- (mM) Beggiatoa mats, 30/0
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Photograph of the sulfide oxidising
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Central area No measurements could
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the temperature profile showed adve
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B. 5.3 Methane in gas hydrate beari
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The deployments covered 3 (5) diffe
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flows at the Håkon Mosby Mud Volca
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Page 225 and 226: References Milkov, A., Vogt, P., Ch
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Page 253 and 254: material via the Transpolar Drift t
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Page 261 and 262: C. 6 Debris on the seafloor at “H
Page 263 and 264: Results A summary of the results is
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Page 283 and 284: - Molecular phylogeny and phylogeog
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Station Date Time PositionLat Posit
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E. Participating institutes / compa
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Acronym Participants iSiTEC GmbH IS
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F. Participants F. 1 Participants A
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F. 2 Participants ARK XIX/3b Armand
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F. 3 Participants ARK XIX/3c Bauerf
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