Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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e analysed in the home laboratory. 14 C-methane is injected into undisturbed sediment samples and incubated for hours to days. Subsequent mixing of the samples into a solution of sodium hydroxide terminates the microbial activity. The SRR and AOM rates are calculated from the amount of H 35 2 S or 14 CO 2 formed and from the concentration and radioactivity of sulfate or methane in the sample, respectively (Iversen and Blackburn 1981). Tab. B5.1-3. Water samples obtained by the horizontal bottom water sampler (BWS), by rosette (CTD), ROV (PEP bottles). Water samples were used for methane oxidation measurements and for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Device Station No Dive Date Bottle No Conditions, Community Lat N Long E CTD 310 28-Jun-03 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Centre 72° 0,23 14° 43,49 PEP 317-1 219 29-Jun-03 1,5,9 Bacterial mat 72° 0,164 14° 43,884 PEP 317-2 219 29-Jun-03 13,17 Bacterial mat 72° 0,156 14° 44,887 CTD 320-1 30-Jun-03 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Bacterial mat 72° 0,16 14° 43,88 BWS 329 2-Jul-03 2,3,4,5,6 Bacterial mat 72° 0,15 14° 43,84 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Bacterial mat 72° 0,15 14° 43,83 CTD 328 2-Jul-03 Slurp Gun 326 220 2-Jul-03 4,5 Pogonophora 72° 0.059 14° 43,895 BWS 338 5-Jul-03 1,2,3,4,5,6 Centre 72° 0,20 14° 43,28 CTD 337 5-Jul-03 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Centre 72° 0,18 14° 43,33 Centre N, grey PEP 347 222 6-Jul-03 1,5,7,11 mats 72° 0,295 14° 43,391 BWS 351 8-Jul-03 1,2,3,4,5,6 Pogonophora 72° 0,03 14° 44,09 CTD 350 8-Jul-03 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Pogonophora 72° 0,05 14° 44,16 BWS 365 10-Jul-03 1,2,3,4,5,6 Reference 72° 0,19 14° 42,39 CTD 364 10-Jul-03 10,12,14,1 6,17,20,22 ,24 Reference 72° 0,22 14° 42,47 1,5,9,13,1 PEP 377 224 13-Jul-03 7 Pogonophora 72° 0,055 14° 44,225 Water samples were taken with two types of water samplers (rosette and horizontal water sampler) as well as from the multiple corers to investigate the methane emission from the sediments into the water column. Microbial oxidation of methane in - 195 -
the water column was measured using tritium-labelled methane (C 3 H 4 ). Water samples were incubated for 3 days under in situ temperature (-1°C) in the dark before termination of the reaction with addition of formaldehyde (method according to Valentine et al., 2001. Further sub-samples were taken from cores and slurries to determine the total number of bacteria, to quantify different taxonomic groups of bacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH, method according to Pernthaler et al. 2001) and to investigate the metabolic activity of methane consuming micro-organisms involved in sulfate reduction and methane oxidation under controlled laboratory conditions in microcosms. Furthermore, sediment sub-samples were obtained to investigate the distribution of lipid products derived from members of AOM consortia and their stable carbon isotopic composition which bears diagnostic information on the carbon source and/or metabolic carbon fixation pathway utilised by its producer. Also, a giant box corer was retrieved to sample the Pogonophora for investigation of their stable isotope signature in the bulk biomass as well as in the lipids of the work and its symbionts. All these samples will be processed in the home laboratories of MPI and AWI. Preliminary results Molecular ecology studies based on 16S ribosomal DNA diversity and whole cell hybridisation revealed a substantial diversity among the microbial players in different methane-rich environments. One important question for understanding the process of AOM is whether this process obligatorily requires the syntrophy of sulfate reducing bacteria with methanogenic archaea in the form of symbiotic associations as observed in the sediments of the Hydrate Ridge. Orphan et al. (2001) found a similar consortium in sediments of the Eel River Basin and proved its capability of methane consumption under anaerobic conditions. A different archaea/bacteria consortium has been detected in surface sediments above a subsurface gas hydrate layer in the Congo basin and in microbial associations in the Black Sea (Knittel et al., unpubl. data). It is likely that different forms of syntrophic associations are responsible for AOM in such methane-rich environments. Evidence derived from parallel biomarker chemotaxonomy and 16S rRNA or FISH probing in several environments supports the hypothesis that several phylotypes have to be considered as producers of 13 C- depleted archaeol and hydroxyarchaeol. A series of studies report the predominant - 196 -
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 wi
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B. 1 Cruise leg ARK XIX/3b: An intr
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The ARK XIX/3 expedition A. 1 Itine
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positioning and navigation of the "
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was followed to obtain video materi
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On Friday morning the 20 th of June
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Fig. A1-2: The working area of the
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"Polarstern" (actual air temperatur
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6000" was still at depth "Polarster
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aseline navigation antennae which a
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Fig. A1-3: Entire cruise track of R
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At end of the leg pressure rising b
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The temperatures during the cruise
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Most frequent wind direction was so
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A. 3.1 High resolution seabed mappi
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On the other hand, the accuracy of
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The sampling campaign was also unde
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Hydrosweep DS2 is installed onboard
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Fig. A4.2-2: Normalized backscatter
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In addition to the micro bathymetry
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ackscatter value of -37.0dB, -38.9d
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athymetry and angular backscatter d
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A. 4.3 Sedimentary and hydrodynamic
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glacial periods. There is also evid
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Fig. A4.3.2-2: Visualisation of dif
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It seems that all the mounds along
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Visible calcareous fauna removed (b
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Fig. A4.3.3-2 Location of SAMS Phot
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Box Core Sample Log Sheet Station N
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A. 4.3.4 Influence of mound topogra
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A. 4.3.5 Photo lander deployment on
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- UMI data logger controlling a tra
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Fig. A4.3.5-3. Close-up view of the
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Lineated features are present NE of
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CARACOLE Cruise Report 30/07/2001 (
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intermediate nepheloid layers (Dick
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Fig. A4.4.1-2. Location of main stu
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A. 4.4.3 Biogeoprocesses along the
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in the database with the exact posi
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The areas with significant benthic
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predators and strong bottom current
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faunal distribution. Palaentologica
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ocks predate the last glaciation, s
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A. 4.4.6 Biological and geological
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Hovland M, Croker PF, Martin M (199
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Live fauna Sediments Live fauna and
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sites can subsequently be transport
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4) The NSOW has similar water mass
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 P
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A. 4.8 Deep water coral ecology and
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and video observations made. On ret
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Fig. A4.8.2-2: This orange, planar
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Fig. A4.8.2-4: Feather-shaped alcyo
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Fig. A4.8.2-7: Top left) Yellow alc
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scour or demersal trawling. The gro
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survey at frequencies of 38, 70, 12
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Page 147 and 148: "Twin mounds" - Porcupine Bank 14°
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Page 151 and 152: Network Setup for Tests The setup f
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Page 155 and 156: pressure produced as a consequence
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Page 159 and 160: B. 2 Microbathymetry on ROV "Victor
Page 161 and 162: Pitch correction Due to assembling
Page 163 and 164: Maps Complete area Håkon Mosby Mud
Page 165 and 166: B. 3 Geochemistry, geophysics and s
Page 167 and 168: Heat Flow HMMV 2m # # # # # # # # #
Page 169 and 170: Lat_dec. Lon_dec Name k T_0m PS64/s
Page 171 and 172: Temperature / Gravity Corer # GC9 #
Page 173 and 174: Table B3.2-1: Technical specificati
Page 175 and 176: Sound velocity: As the cores all co
Page 177 and 178: Fig. B3.3-1: Display of a 4 km long
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Page 181 and 182: Fig. B3.4-1b: Lithological descript
Page 183 and 184: Fig. B3.4-1d: Lithological descript
Page 185 and 186: Fig. B3.4-1f: Lithological descript
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Page 189 and 190: As an example, a echo sounder image
Page 191 and 192: B. 5 Biological investigations at t
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Page 195: profiler). Bottom water samples hav
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Page 201 and 202: B. 5.2 Microscale analysis of the s
Page 203 and 204: Laboratory measurements Central sit
Page 205 and 206: O2, CO3-- (mM) Beggiatoa mats, 30/0
Page 207 and 208: Photograph of the sulfide oxidising
Page 209 and 210: Central area No measurements could
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Page 215 and 216: The deployments covered 3 (5) diffe
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Page 225 and 226: References Milkov, A., Vogt, P., Ch
Page 227 and 228: ROV "Victor 6000" The ROV "Victor 6
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Page 231 and 232: A multiple corer was used to retrie
Page 233 and 234: At the position of the moorings a C
Page 235 and 236: Micro profiles of O 2 but also of p
Page 237 and 238: The current regime luff and lee sid
Page 239 and 240: 2° 3° 4° N2 5° PS64/481 PS64/48
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Page 243 and 244: C. 4 Marine Geology Kukina, N. Majo
Page 245 and 246: 2° 3° 4° 5° 6° PS64/481 79°20
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Appendix 1: List of samples for fut
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material via the Transpolar Drift t
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ounding processes as well. One poss
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The most frequent rock type is sand
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Eastern Greenland, Iceland and Scan
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C. 6 Debris on the seafloor at “H
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Results A summary of the results is
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enthic community are of crucial imp
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frame showed no obvious colonisatio
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subsamples (area of 400 - 800 cm 2
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using shipboard techniques - provid
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Tab C11-1: Stationlist of in situ m
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Climate models predict that global
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90 mean copepod densities/ 10 cm 2
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- Molecular phylogeny and phylogeog
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Species Stations Tmetonyx sp.1 326-
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was used to terminate and sample th
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openings of 45° at both sides the
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Station Date Time PositionLat Posit
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E. Participating institutes / compa
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Acronym Participants iSiTEC GmbH IS
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F. Participants F. 1 Participants A
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F. 2 Participants ARK XIX/3b Armand
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F. 3 Participants ARK XIX/3c Bauerf
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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