Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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consolidated sediment exposures have been identified in this area during the CARACOLE cruise with RV L'Atalante" and the ROV "Victor 6000" in 2001 and previously imaged on high-resolution side-scan sonar. The scarps run sub-parallel to the isobaths and are more dominant in mid- to upslope areas. It has been speculated that this is probably the result of a combination of suitable substrates for mound growth (formed by erosion of exposed high relief areas) as well as high current speed accelerating over the topographic obstacle generating an increased biological food flux. An alternative hypothesis is that these alignments are tectonically controlled with carbonate mound growing along fault scarps. Croker et al. (2003) suggested that a spatial relationship between boundary faults, fault scarps and carbonate mound occurrence might imply a cold seep origin to these mounds due to thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage (sensu Hovland et al., 1994) from underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs in the underlying Macdára Basin. Gas seepage from underlying hydrocarbon reservoir (in the Macdára Basin) along boundary faults thus providing a food sources for primary components of an ecosystem encompassing deep-water corals. Also studied on the Porcupine Bank is an anomalous mound ridge that runs perpendicular to the isobaths (at 90° to other mound alignments) and is 2-3 times higher than other mound features (Giant Mound). This, like some of the other mounds exists upslope of a submarine canyon (be it a minor one). Another site of paired mounds ("Twin mounds") was also studied where fishing impacts were previously reported. Fig. A4.4.1-2 shows the location of the "Twin", "Giant", "Scarp" and "Hedge mounds" which are presented below (section A. 4.4.2- A. 4.4.5 respectively). - 85 -
Fig. A4.4.1-2. Location of main study sites on the Porcupine Bank. Topography courtesy of the Geology Survey of Ireland. The studies on the Porcupine Bank were undertaken to address the following research questions. To what extent are carbonate mound growth processes influenced by hydrodynamic processes? What is the extent of biotic heterogeneity between carbonate mounds? Do we find evidence of deep water trawling activity damaging the coral ecosystem? Are the ridges on which carbonate mounds are located a focus for thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage. This last objective drew a negative conclusion. Despite 88 hours of dedicated dive time on carbonate mounds, no gas bubbles, authigenic carbonate crusts, bacterial mats, chemosynthetic fauna (e.g. tube worms, pogonophorans or distinct molluscs species), pockmarks or any other evidence of cold seepage were found (see Dando & Hovland, 1992; Sibuet & Olu, 1998). - 86 -
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 wi
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B. 1 Cruise leg ARK XIX/3b: An intr
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The ARK XIX/3 expedition A. 1 Itine
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positioning and navigation of the "
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was followed to obtain video materi
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On Friday morning the 20 th of June
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Fig. A1-2: The working area of the
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"Polarstern" (actual air temperatur
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6000" was still at depth "Polarster
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aseline navigation antennae which a
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Fig. A1-3: Entire cruise track of R
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At end of the leg pressure rising b
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The temperatures during the cruise
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Most frequent wind direction was so
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A. 3.1 High resolution seabed mappi
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On the other hand, the accuracy of
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The sampling campaign was also unde
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Page 37 and 38: Fig. A4.2-2: Normalized backscatter
Page 39 and 40: In addition to the micro bathymetry
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Page 43 and 44: athymetry and angular backscatter d
Page 45 and 46: A. 4.3 Sedimentary and hydrodynamic
Page 47 and 48: glacial periods. There is also evid
Page 49 and 50: Fig. A4.3.2-2: Visualisation of dif
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Page 53 and 54: Visible calcareous fauna removed (b
Page 55 and 56: Fig. A4.3.3-2 Location of SAMS Phot
Page 57 and 58: Box Core Sample Log Sheet Station N
Page 73 and 74: A. 4.3.4 Influence of mound topogra
Page 75 and 76: A. 4.3.5 Photo lander deployment on
Page 77 and 78: - UMI data logger controlling a tra
Page 79 and 80: Fig. A4.3.5-3. Close-up view of the
Page 81 and 82: Lineated features are present NE of
Page 83 and 84: CARACOLE Cruise Report 30/07/2001 (
Page 85: intermediate nepheloid layers (Dick
Page 95 and 96: A. 4.4.3 Biogeoprocesses along the
Page 99 and 100: in the database with the exact posi
Page 101 and 102: The areas with significant benthic
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Page 105 and 106: faunal distribution. Palaentologica
Page 107 and 108: ocks predate the last glaciation, s
Page 119 and 120: A. 4.4.6 Biological and geological
Page 121 and 122: Hovland M, Croker PF, Martin M (199
Page 123 and 124: Live fauna Sediments Live fauna and
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Page 127 and 128: 4) The NSOW has similar water mass
Page 129 and 130: 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 P
Page 131 and 132: A. 4.8 Deep water coral ecology and
Page 133 and 134: and video observations made. On ret
Page 135 and 136: Fig. A4.8.2-2: This orange, planar
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Fig. A4.8.2-4: Feather-shaped alcyo
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Fig. A4.8.2-7: Top left) Yellow alc
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scour or demersal trawling. The gro
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survey at frequencies of 38, 70, 12
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"Belgica mounds" - Porcupine Seabig
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"Twin mounds" - Porcupine Bank 14°
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corals were alive, relatively abund
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Network Setup for Tests The setup f
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are only initial testings and much
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pressure produced as a consequence
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surrounded by elevated sediment fea
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B. 2 Microbathymetry on ROV "Victor
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Pitch correction Due to assembling
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Maps Complete area Håkon Mosby Mud
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B. 3 Geochemistry, geophysics and s
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Heat Flow HMMV 2m # # # # # # # # #
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Lat_dec. Lon_dec Name k T_0m PS64/s
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Temperature / Gravity Corer # GC9 #
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Table B3.2-1: Technical specificati
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Sound velocity: As the cores all co
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Fig. B3.3-1: Display of a 4 km long
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sediment cores varies between 166 t
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Fig. B3.4-1b: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1d: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1f: Lithological descript
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hydrotroilite and gas hydrate, this
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As an example, a echo sounder image
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B. 5 Biological investigations at t
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- How much methane is oxidized aero
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profiler). Bottom water samples hav
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the water column was measured using
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1 kg of tubeworms in wet weight. Th
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B. 5.2 Microscale analysis of the s
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Laboratory measurements Central sit
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O2, CO3-- (mM) Beggiatoa mats, 30/0
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Photograph of the sulfide oxidising
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Central area No measurements could
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the temperature profile showed adve
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B. 5.3 Methane in gas hydrate beari
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The deployments covered 3 (5) diffe
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flows at the Håkon Mosby Mud Volca
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The quality of the mosaics depends
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[2] Vincent AG, Pessel N, Borgetto
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References Milkov, A., Vogt, P., Ch
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ROV "Victor 6000" The ROV "Victor 6
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has spent in organising the coring
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A multiple corer was used to retrie
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At the position of the moorings a C
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Micro profiles of O 2 but also of p
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The current regime luff and lee sid
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2° 3° 4° N2 5° PS64/481 PS64/48
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station IRD archive liner bulk x-ra
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C. 4 Marine Geology Kukina, N. Majo
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2° 3° 4° 5° 6° PS64/481 79°20
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Appendix 1: List of samples for fut
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material via the Transpolar Drift t
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ounding processes as well. One poss
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The most frequent rock type is sand
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Eastern Greenland, Iceland and Scan
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C. 6 Debris on the seafloor at “H
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Results A summary of the results is
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enthic community are of crucial imp
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frame showed no obvious colonisatio
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subsamples (area of 400 - 800 cm 2
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using shipboard techniques - provid
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Tab C11-1: Stationlist of in situ m
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Climate models predict that global
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90 mean copepod densities/ 10 cm 2
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- Molecular phylogeny and phylogeog
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Species Stations Tmetonyx sp.1 326-
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was used to terminate and sample th
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openings of 45° at both sides the
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Station Date Time PositionLat Posit
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E. Participating institutes / compa
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Acronym Participants iSiTEC GmbH IS
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F. Participants F. 1 Participants A
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F. 2 Participants ARK XIX/3b Armand
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F. 3 Participants ARK XIX/3c Bauerf
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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