Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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EU 5 th framework programme. This has supported a suite of projects in the deep waters of Europe’s Atlantic margin including the Atlantic Coral Ecosystem Study (ACES) as well as two projects researching the formation and structure of deep-water seabed mounds (ECOMOUND and GEOMOUND). A second major driver for research into cold-water coral habitats has been growing evidence of damage by deep-water trawl gear. Recent surveys by the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen have shown that 30-50% of Norway’s cold-water coral reefs already show signs of damage (Fosså et al. 2002). Around Tasmania, corals and other sessile suspension feeding organisms have been removed by trawlers from seamounts (Koslow et al. 2001). The evidence has provoked debate on whether such areas should be protected. Indeed in both Norway and Tasmania several areas have now been designated as marine protected areas and closed to any trawl gear. The overall objectives of the lander development described here have been to produce a simple, robust and flexible platform to deploy a variety of cameras and other sensors to record both the environmental dynamics and the behaviour of the benthic biological community. This equipment was developed by the Scottish Association for Marine Science in collaboration with Oceanlab at the University of Aberdeen. To date it has completed two offshore deployments at 300m water depth by the Sula Ridge reef complex. The present Porcupine Seabight work represents the deepest deployment to date and, given the availability of the "Victor 6000" ROV, the first opportunity to target the complex topography inhabited by live cold-water corals. It was decided to make the lander deployment on the "Galway mound" within the "Belgica mound" province. Photolander design and research objectives An existing benthic lander design from Aberdeen University was adapted to provide a tripod frame giving a stable platform for time-lapse photography on the rough substrata found in and around cold-water coral reef areas. The SAMS Photolander was deployed with the following payload: - Benthos 5010 digital stills camera, adapted for mass picture storage - CAMEL Camera Alive film camera - 75 -
- UMI data logger controlling a transmissometer, light scattering sensor and fluorometer - 3-D FSI recording current meter with CTD - 150Khz narrow band workhorse ADCP The overall objective of the photolander is to relate the activity of benthic organisms, here focusing on live coral and associated fauna, in relation to the prevailing hydrography and near-bed particle regime. Steel ballast giving a 90 kg total hold-down weight was attached at each of the three legs while a syntactic foam buoyancy sphere containing the ADCP is held above the tripod frame forming a single module mooring. The recording current meter is placed in this mooring line and the three optical instruments are secured 0.5m above the bed. Deployment details In order to decide on a suitable site on the Galway Mound to deploy the SAMS Photo, a video transect was run across the mound by the "Victor 6000" ROV (part of Dive No. 212) at the end of a microbathymetry survey of the "Moira mounds". A representative image of this area is shown in Fig. A4.3.5-1. The lander was deployed by lowering to within 20m of the seabed on the ship’s wire. When in position the mooring was released using a Posidonia release. The lander station number was PS64/261-1. Two and a half hours after release, the lander was inspected during "Victor 6000" dive No. 213. A photograph of the lander in situ is shown given in Fig. A4.3.5-2 and an image of the fauna surrounding the lander deployment site is shown in Fig. A4.3.5-3. - 76 -
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 wi
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B. 1 Cruise leg ARK XIX/3b: An intr
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The ARK XIX/3 expedition A. 1 Itine
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positioning and navigation of the "
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was followed to obtain video materi
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On Friday morning the 20 th of June
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Fig. A1-2: The working area of the
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"Polarstern" (actual air temperatur
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6000" was still at depth "Polarster
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aseline navigation antennae which a
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Fig. A1-3: Entire cruise track of R
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At end of the leg pressure rising b
Page 25 and 26: The temperatures during the cruise
Page 27 and 28: Most frequent wind direction was so
Page 29 and 30: A. 3.1 High resolution seabed mappi
Page 31 and 32: On the other hand, the accuracy of
Page 33 and 34: The sampling campaign was also unde
Page 35 and 36: Hydrosweep DS2 is installed onboard
Page 37 and 38: Fig. A4.2-2: Normalized backscatter
Page 39 and 40: In addition to the micro bathymetry
Page 41 and 42: ackscatter value of -37.0dB, -38.9d
Page 43 and 44: athymetry and angular backscatter d
Page 45 and 46: A. 4.3 Sedimentary and hydrodynamic
Page 47 and 48: glacial periods. There is also evid
Page 49 and 50: Fig. A4.3.2-2: Visualisation of dif
Page 51 and 52: It seems that all the mounds along
Page 53 and 54: Visible calcareous fauna removed (b
Page 55 and 56: Fig. A4.3.3-2 Location of SAMS Phot
Page 57 and 58: Box Core Sample Log Sheet Station N
Page 73 and 74: A. 4.3.4 Influence of mound topogra
Page 75: A. 4.3.5 Photo lander deployment on
Page 79 and 80: Fig. A4.3.5-3. Close-up view of the
Page 81 and 82: Lineated features are present NE of
Page 83 and 84: CARACOLE Cruise Report 30/07/2001 (
Page 85 and 86: intermediate nepheloid layers (Dick
Page 87 and 88: Fig. A4.4.1-2. Location of main stu
Page 95 and 96: A. 4.4.3 Biogeoprocesses along the
Page 99 and 100: in the database with the exact posi
Page 101 and 102: The areas with significant benthic
Page 103 and 104: predators and strong bottom current
Page 105 and 106: faunal distribution. Palaentologica
Page 107 and 108: ocks predate the last glaciation, s
Page 119 and 120: A. 4.4.6 Biological and geological
Page 121 and 122: Hovland M, Croker PF, Martin M (199
Page 123 and 124: Live fauna Sediments Live fauna and
Page 125 and 126: sites can subsequently be transport
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4) The NSOW has similar water mass
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 P
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A. 4.8 Deep water coral ecology and
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and video observations made. On ret
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Fig. A4.8.2-2: This orange, planar
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Fig. A4.8.2-4: Feather-shaped alcyo
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Fig. A4.8.2-7: Top left) Yellow alc
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scour or demersal trawling. The gro
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survey at frequencies of 38, 70, 12
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"Belgica mounds" - Porcupine Seabig
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"Twin mounds" - Porcupine Bank 14°
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corals were alive, relatively abund
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Network Setup for Tests The setup f
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are only initial testings and much
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pressure produced as a consequence
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surrounded by elevated sediment fea
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B. 2 Microbathymetry on ROV "Victor
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Pitch correction Due to assembling
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Maps Complete area Håkon Mosby Mud
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B. 3 Geochemistry, geophysics and s
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Heat Flow HMMV 2m # # # # # # # # #
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Lat_dec. Lon_dec Name k T_0m PS64/s
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Temperature / Gravity Corer # GC9 #
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Table B3.2-1: Technical specificati
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Sound velocity: As the cores all co
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Fig. B3.3-1: Display of a 4 km long
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sediment cores varies between 166 t
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Fig. B3.4-1b: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1d: Lithological descript
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Fig. B3.4-1f: Lithological descript
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hydrotroilite and gas hydrate, this
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As an example, a echo sounder image
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B. 5 Biological investigations at t
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- How much methane is oxidized aero
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profiler). Bottom water samples hav
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the water column was measured using
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1 kg of tubeworms in wet weight. Th
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B. 5.2 Microscale analysis of the s
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Laboratory measurements Central sit
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O2, CO3-- (mM) Beggiatoa mats, 30/0
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Photograph of the sulfide oxidising
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Central area No measurements could
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the temperature profile showed adve
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B. 5.3 Methane in gas hydrate beari
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The deployments covered 3 (5) diffe
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flows at the Håkon Mosby Mud Volca
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The quality of the mosaics depends
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[2] Vincent AG, Pessel N, Borgetto
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### ( ) # ###### # ## # # # #### #
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References Milkov, A., Vogt, P., Ch
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ROV "Victor 6000" The ROV "Victor 6
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has spent in organising the coring
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A multiple corer was used to retrie
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At the position of the moorings a C
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Micro profiles of O 2 but also of p
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The current regime luff and lee sid
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2° 3° 4° N2 5° PS64/481 PS64/48
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station IRD archive liner bulk x-ra
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C. 4 Marine Geology Kukina, N. Majo
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2° 3° 4° 5° 6° PS64/481 79°20
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Appendix 1: List of samples for fut
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- 248 -
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- 250 -
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material via the Transpolar Drift t
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ounding processes as well. One poss
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The most frequent rock type is sand
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Eastern Greenland, Iceland and Scan
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C. 6 Debris on the seafloor at “H
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Results A summary of the results is
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enthic community are of crucial imp
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frame showed no obvious colonisatio
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subsamples (area of 400 - 800 cm 2
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using shipboard techniques - provid
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Tab C11-1: Stationlist of in situ m
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Tab. C11-2: In-situ measurements of
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Climate models predict that global
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90 mean copepod densities/ 10 cm 2
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- Molecular phylogeny and phylogeog
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Species Stations Tmetonyx sp.1 326-
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was used to terminate and sample th
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openings of 45° at both sides the
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Station Date Time PositionLat Posit
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E. Participating institutes / compa
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Acronym Participants iSiTEC GmbH IS
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F. Participants F. 1 Participants A
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F. 2 Participants ARK XIX/3b Armand
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F. 3 Participants ARK XIX/3c Bauerf
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Preface The expedition ARK XIX/3 with the German icebreaking RV ...

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