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3 IDENTIFYING HAZARDS Zones X, B, and C. These zones identify areas outside the SFHA. Zone B and shaded Zone X-500 identify areas subject to inundation by the flood that has a 0.2-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded during any given year, often referred to as the 500-year flood. Zone C and unshaded Zone X identify areas outside the 500-year floodplain. Areas protected by accredited levee systems are mapped as shaded Zone X. TERMINOLOGY SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA (SFHA) defines an area with a 1-percent chance, or greater, of flooding in any given year. This is commonly referred to as the extent of the 100-year floodplain. COASTAL SFHA is the portion of the SFHA where the source of flooding is coastal surge or inundation. It includes Zone VE and Coastal A Zone. ZONE VE is that portion of the coastal SFHA where base flood wave heights are 3 feet or greater, or where other damaging base flood wave effects have been identified, or where the primary frontal dune has been identified. COASTAL A ZONE (MoWA AREA) is that portion of the coastal SFHA referenced by building codes and standards, where base flood wave heights are between 1.5 and 3 feet, and where wave characteristics are deemed sufficient to damage many NFIP-compliant structures on shallow or solid wall foundations. MiWA AREA is that portion of the Coastal SFHA where base flood wave heights are less than 1.5 feet. LiMWA is the boundary between the MoWA and the MiWA. RIVERINE SFHA is that portion of the SFHA mapped as Zone AE and where the source of flooding is riverine, not coastal. ZONE AE is the portion of the SFHA not mapped as Zone VE. It includes the MoWA, the MiWA, and the Riverine SFHA. 3.6.3 FIRMs, DFIRMs, and FISs Figure 3-52 shows a typical paper FIRM that a designer might encounter for some coastal areas. Three flood hazard zones are shown on this FIRM: Zone V, Zone A, and Zone X. Figure 3-53 shows an example of a transect perpendicular to the shoreline. Since the early 2000s, FEMA has been preparing Digital FIRMs (DFIRMs) to replace the paper maps. Figure 3-54 shows a typical DFIRM that a designer is likely to encounter in many coastal areas. The DFIRM uses a photographic base and shows either the results of a recent FIS or the results of a digitized paper FIRM (possibly with a datum conversion from National Geodetic Vertical Datum [NGVD] to North American Vertical Datum [NAVD]). The flood hazard zones and BFEs on a DFIRM are delineated in a manner consistent with those on a paper FIRM, although they may reflect updated flood hazard calculation procedures. CROSS REFERENCE See Section 3.3 for a brief discussion of coastal flood hazards and FIRMs. NOTE Additional information about FIRMs is available in FEMA’s 2006 booklet How to Use a Flood Map to Protect Your Property, FEMA 258 (FEMA 2006b). 3-56 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 3 Figure 3‐52. Portion of a paper FIRM showing coastal flood insurance rate zones. The icons on the right indicate the associated flood hazard zones for design and construction purposes. The LiMWA is not shown on older FIRMs, but is shown on newer FIRMs and DFIRMs Figure 3‐53. Typical shoreline‐perpendicular transect showing stillwater and wave crest elevations and associated flood zones COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-57
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Coastal Construction Manual Princip
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All illustrations in this document
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1 CHAPTER TITLE COASTAL CONSTRUCTIO
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CONTENTS Volume I 2.2.7 Pacific Coa
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CONTENTS Volume I Chapter 4. Siting
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CONTENTS Volume I List of Figures C
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CONTENTS Volume I Figure 3-11. Figu
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CONTENTS Volume I Figure 3-53. Typi
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CONTENTS Volume I List of Tables Ch
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1 INTRODUCTION International (BOCA)
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1 INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGY: DESIGN
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1 INTRODUCTION be indicated once th
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1 INTRODUCTION systems, application
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1 INTRODUCTION Zone V. Portion of t
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 Figure 2-1
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 2.2.2 Mid-
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 of continu
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 High winds
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 2.2.8 Hawa
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 1. Waves 1
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 access. Th
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 Foundation
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 corrosion
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 Failure to
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 Two other
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 2 FEMA (Fede
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IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 3 few thousandt
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Page 131 and 132: IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 3 Jarrell, J.D.
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Page 135 and 136: SITING 4 4. Either proceed with the
Page 137 and 138: SITING 4 The geographic region or
Page 139 and 140: SITING 4 Table 4‐1. General Infor
Page 141 and 142: SITING 4 In the absence of current
Page 143 and 144: SITING 4 information should be comb
Page 145 and 146: SITING 4 evaluate a site for its su
Page 147 and 148: SITING 4 Table 4‐2. Planning and
Page 149 and 150: SITING 4 Figure 4‐13. Comparison
Page 151 and 152: SITING 4 Figure 4‐15. Problematic
Page 153 and 154: SITING 4 Figure 4‐18. Coastal lot
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Page 159 and 160: SITING 4 Figure 4‐24. Beach erosi
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Page 163 and 164: SITING 4 Tuttle, D. 1987. “A Smal
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5 INVESTIGATING REGULATORY REQUIREM
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5-22 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Ta
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FUNDAMENTALS OF RISK ANALYSIS AND R
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ACRONYMS Volume I CFR CRS CZM CZMA
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ACRONYMS Volume I NAVD NBC NEHRP NF
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Volume I GLOSSARY Coastal A Zone -
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Volume I GLOSSARY DFE is identical
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Volume I GLOSSARY Flood Insurance S
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Volume I GLOSSARY Interior mechanic
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Volume I GLOSSARY Metal roof panel
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Volume I GLOSSARY Pressure-treated
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Volume I GLOSSARY the installation
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Volume I GLOSSARY V Variance - Unde
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Volume I INDEX Coastal A Zone, 1-10
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Volume I INDEX Effects of shore pro
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Volume I INDEX Siting consideration
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Volume I INDEX Coastal A Zone) Term
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Volume I INDEX Channelized flow, 3-
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Volume I INDEX U Uplift (land) (see
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FEMA P-55 Catalog No. 08352-1
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