Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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1 φ e = ( −φ x ) + meC x (5-17) Y max ex where the relations for the defined maximal yields and maintenance, and the metabolic model parameters (K,δ, m ATP ) are the same forms as indicated in Equations (5-15a) and (5-15b). 5.2 Model for Benzyl Alcohol Bioremediation 5.2.1 Metabolic Equations The major metabolic activities taking place in benzyl alcohol bioremediation are shown in Figure 5-2 (developed in this work) and are described below. (1) Biomass Synthesis from Benzyl Alcohol It is assumed that in the synthesis of biomass, 0.27 mol CO 2 is produced per C- mole biomass synthesized (Gornmers et al., 1988). The stoichiometry of the biomass formation reaction from benzyl alcohol is as follows (expressed as 1 C-mol of benzyl alcohol and 1 C-mol of biomass): −1.27CH 8 / 7O1/ 7 − 0.2NH 3 − α1B ATP − 0.758H 2O −1. 084NAD + CH 7 / 5O2 / 5N1/ 5 + 1.084NADH 2 + 0. 27CO2 + α1B ADP = 0 (5-18) where mATP α1 B = K + (when μ>0 ) is assumed to be the same form as described in μ Equation (5-4). (2) Catabolism of Benzyl Alcohol For benzyl alcohol, based on its pathway (See Appendix A-III), the catabolism is represented by the following reactions: C 7 H 8 O + 2NAD +3H 2 O + 2O 2 Benzyl alcohol C 3 H 4 O 3 + C 2 H 4 O + CH 2 O 2 + CO 2 + 2NADH 2 (5-19) Pyruvate Acetaldehyde Formate 88
Biomass Eq.5-18 Benzyl Alcohol Eq.5-19 Pyruvate Acetaldehyd Formate ATP CO 2 Eq. 5-20 Eq.5-21 Acetyl-CoA Eq.5-22 CO 2 O 2 Eq.5-11 NADH 2 TCA H 2 O Figure 5-2 Hypothesized Metabolic Pathways for Benzyl Alcohol Bioremediation (“ “ indicates the conversion or transport of compounds; “ “ indicates the transport of energy ATP) C 3 H 4 O 3 + NAD + CoASH CH 3 COSCoA + CO 2 + NADH 2 (5-20) C 2 H 4 O + NAD + CoASH CH 3 COSCoA + NADH 2 (5-21) CH 2 O 2 + NAD CO 2 + NADH 2 (5-22) In the TCA cycle, 2CH 3 COSCoA + 6H 2 O + 8 NAD 8NADH 2 + 4CO 2 +2CoASH (5-23) 89
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BIOREMEDIATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
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ABSTRACT The mass transfer of ethan
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effect on the growth of P. putida.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Of the countless peo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE
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4.3 Batch Growth on Ethanol and Ben
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Schemat
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Figure 5.3 (b) Simulation of ethano
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Figure 5-16. Continuous removal of
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NOMENCLATURE a - Interfacial area,
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Air
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esults (van Groenestijn and Hesseli
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experimental results are presented
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Table 2.2 VOC Emissions in the U.S.
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(paint shop effluents, for instance
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combustion provides 70 to 90% air p
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used to degrade ethanol vapours and
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g m -3 . This would suggest that th
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treatment, This excessive biomass f
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The simultaneous degradation of tol
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emoves only water-soluble gases. Wa
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2.2.6 Pseudomonas It is well known
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2.3.2 Growth Models with Inhibition
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where µ is the total specific grow
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2.4.1 Batch Reactor In a batch reac
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discharged from the other end. The
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element solution consisted of (gram
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growth on ethanol, 20-48 hours for
Page 57 and 58: Gas phase samples of toluene were c
Page 59 and 60: Inlet sampler Exit sampler To fume
Page 61 and 62: Once the oxygen meter indicated a s
Page 63 and 64: centrifuged and the supernatant was
Page 65 and 66: where k L a is the volumetric mass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-2a shows ethanol liquid co
Page 69 and 70: coefficient (k L a) in the well-mix
Page 71 and 72: calculated by dividing the gas volu
Page 73 and 74: Average bubble diameter, mm 8 7 6 5
Page 75 and 76: Bioflow III bioreactor. Equation (4
Page 77 and 78: 3.5 y=Ln(S0/S) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 y = 12
Page 79 and 80: Ethanol and biomass concentration,
Page 81 and 82: 4.3.2 Batch Growth on Benzyl Alcoho
Page 83 and 84: Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
Page 85 and 86: ethanol loading was beyond the maxi
Page 87 and 88: Table 4-2. Comparison of bioremedia
Page 89 and 90: Biomass, benzyl alcohol and toluene
Page 91 and 92: 4.4.3 Toluene-ethanol Bioremediatio
Page 93 and 94: Substrate and biomass concentration
Page 95 and 96: Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
Page 97 and 98: Biomass and benzoic acid concentrat
Page 99 and 100: ethanol. These results clearly indi
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER FIVE - MATHEMATICAL MODELIN
Page 103 and 104: The stoichiometry of the biomass sy
Page 105 and 106: synthesis and in the ethanol catabo
Page 107: 1 max Y ex = − 0.635 + 2δ + K 3
Page 111 and 112: r x r N -1.27 -1 0 1 0 0 -0.2 0 0 2
Page 113 and 114: φ = −θ b ⋅ν (5-31) φ b = 1.
Page 115 and 116: The data sets used to evaluate the
Page 117 and 118: Figures 5.4a and 5.4b present 95% c
Page 119 and 120: Ethanol and biomass concentration (
Page 121 and 122: Ethanol measured (C-mol/L) 0.3 0.25
Page 123 and 124: Figures 5.5 (a-d) demonstrate the s
Page 125 and 126: Benzyl alcohol and biomass concentr
Page 127 and 128: Benzyl alcohol measured (C-mol/L) 0
Page 129 and 130: x = 5 ∑ i= 1 x N i (5-40) where x
Page 131 and 132: ethanol in a steady state mode is l
Page 133 and 134: where ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3, ν 4 are
Page 135 and 136: Biomass concentration, g/L 1.5 1 0.
Page 137 and 138: φ T =ν 4 (5-53b) φx = −ν 1 (5
Page 139 and 140: In this study, a metabolic model ha
Page 141 and 142: Equations (5-34) and (5-35) and the
Page 143 and 144: ATP 1 = Y max ATP r x + m ATP ⋅ C
Page 145 and 146: Ethanol, biomass and ammonium conce
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5-13a shows that the lower t
Page 149 and 150: Biomass, substrate concentrations,
Page 151 and 152: C e DKe = (5-63) μ − D m Equatio
Page 153 and 154: corresponds with the value associat
Page 155 and 156: Biomass and ethanol concentrations
Page 157 and 158: than 4.0 mg/L at all dilution rates
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Biomass, benzyl alcohol and ammonia
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negligible ( y out , e = 0) , and e
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Figure 5-17 shows the results at a
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Biomass Concentrations, g/L 3.5 3 2
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C x ( 1 max Q max = ⋅{ D( Cb0 −
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1.2 g/L, the system could not be op
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The continuous models can capture a
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• Air stripping coefficients obta
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Toluene acts as an inhibitor on the
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Bruining, W. J., G. E. H. Joosten,
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Falatko, D. M., and J. T. Novak, 19
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Keuning, S., and D. Jager, 1994.
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Orshansky, F., and N. Narkis, 1997.
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Togna, A. P, M. Singh, 1994. “Bio
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APPENDIX A. Important Metabolic Pat
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III. Toluene Pathway (Adapted from
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Appendix B. Calibration Procedure a
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Figure B-2. Pseudomonas putida (ATC
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Appendix B-3. Calibration of Chemic
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Appendix B-4. Calibration of Toluen
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Appendix C. Experimental Results: A
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Probe response time, s 12 10 8 6 4
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Appendix C-2. Fed-batch Operation B
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Appendix D: Mathematical Solutions
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The microscopic model allows the fo
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13δ Y o , = 0.585 2 x = (D-24) (8K
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2 σ = −1.3E − 06 (E-11) Y xe Y
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Biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid c
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Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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