Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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II. The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle* CoASH CO 2 Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA NAD NADH 2 NAD NADH 2 Oxaloacetate H 2 O CoASH Malate Citrate H 2 O Fumarate FADH 2 Isocitrate NADP CO 2 FAD Succinate GTP GDP+Pi CoASH Succinyl-CoA CO 2 NADPH 2 α-Ketoglutarate CoAsH NAD NADH 2 *Adapted from Gaudy <strong>and</strong> Gaudy, 1980. 168
III. <strong>Toluene</strong> Pathway (Adapted from Wackett, 2005) O 2 + NADH+H + H 2 O +NAD + 169
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BIOREMEDIATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
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ABSTRACT The mass transfer of ethan
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effect on the growth of P. putida.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Of the countless peo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE
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4.3 Batch Growth on Ethanol and Ben
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Schemat
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Figure 5.3 (b) Simulation of ethano
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Figure 5-16. Continuous removal of
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NOMENCLATURE a - Interfacial area,
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Air
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esults (van Groenestijn and Hesseli
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experimental results are presented
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Table 2.2 VOC Emissions in the U.S.
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(paint shop effluents, for instance
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combustion provides 70 to 90% air p
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used to degrade ethanol vapours and
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g m -3 . This would suggest that th
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treatment, This excessive biomass f
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The simultaneous degradation of tol
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emoves only water-soluble gases. Wa
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2.2.6 Pseudomonas It is well known
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2.3.2 Growth Models with Inhibition
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where µ is the total specific grow
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2.4.1 Batch Reactor In a batch reac
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discharged from the other end. The
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element solution consisted of (gram
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growth on ethanol, 20-48 hours for
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Gas phase samples of toluene were c
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Inlet sampler Exit sampler To fume
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Once the oxygen meter indicated a s
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centrifuged and the supernatant was
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where k L a is the volumetric mass
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Figure 4-2a shows ethanol liquid co
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coefficient (k L a) in the well-mix
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calculated by dividing the gas volu
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Average bubble diameter, mm 8 7 6 5
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Bioflow III bioreactor. Equation (4
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3.5 y=Ln(S0/S) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 y = 12
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Ethanol and biomass concentration,
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4.3.2 Batch Growth on Benzyl Alcoho
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Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
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ethanol loading was beyond the maxi
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Table 4-2. Comparison of bioremedia
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Biomass, benzyl alcohol and toluene
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4.4.3 Toluene-ethanol Bioremediatio
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Substrate and biomass concentration
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Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
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Biomass and benzoic acid concentrat
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ethanol. These results clearly indi
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CHAPTER FIVE - MATHEMATICAL MODELIN
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The stoichiometry of the biomass sy
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synthesis and in the ethanol catabo
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1 max Y ex = − 0.635 + 2δ + K 3
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Biomass Eq.5-18 Benzyl Alcohol Eq.5
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r x r N -1.27 -1 0 1 0 0 -0.2 0 0 2
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φ = −θ b ⋅ν (5-31) φ b = 1.
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The data sets used to evaluate the
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Figures 5.4a and 5.4b present 95% c
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Ethanol and biomass concentration (
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Ethanol measured (C-mol/L) 0.3 0.25
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Figures 5.5 (a-d) demonstrate the s
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Benzyl alcohol and biomass concentr
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Benzyl alcohol measured (C-mol/L) 0
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x = 5 ∑ i= 1 x N i (5-40) where x
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ethanol in a steady state mode is l
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where ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3, ν 4 are
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Biomass concentration, g/L 1.5 1 0.
Page 137 and 138: φ T =ν 4 (5-53b) φx = −ν 1 (5
Page 139 and 140: In this study, a metabolic model ha
Page 141 and 142: Equations (5-34) and (5-35) and the
Page 143 and 144: ATP 1 = Y max ATP r x + m ATP ⋅ C
Page 145 and 146: Ethanol, biomass and ammonium conce
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5-13a shows that the lower t
Page 149 and 150: Biomass, substrate concentrations,
Page 151 and 152: C e DKe = (5-63) μ − D m Equatio
Page 153 and 154: corresponds with the value associat
Page 155 and 156: Biomass and ethanol concentrations
Page 157 and 158: than 4.0 mg/L at all dilution rates
Page 159 and 160: Biomass, benzyl alcohol and ammonia
Page 161 and 162: negligible ( y out , e = 0) , and e
Page 163 and 164: Figure 5-17 shows the results at a
Page 165 and 166: Biomass Concentrations, g/L 3.5 3 2
Page 167 and 168: C x ( 1 max Q max = ⋅{ D( Cb0 −
Page 169 and 170: 1.2 g/L, the system could not be op
Page 171 and 172: The continuous models can capture a
Page 173 and 174: • Air stripping coefficients obta
Page 175 and 176: Toluene acts as an inhibitor on the
Page 177 and 178: Bruining, W. J., G. E. H. Joosten,
Page 179 and 180: Falatko, D. M., and J. T. Novak, 19
Page 181 and 182: Keuning, S., and D. Jager, 1994.
Page 183 and 184: Orshansky, F., and N. Narkis, 1997.
Page 185 and 186: Togna, A. P, M. Singh, 1994. “Bio
Page 187: APPENDIX A. Important Metabolic Pat
Page 191 and 192: Appendix B. Calibration Procedure a
Page 193 and 194: Figure B-2. Pseudomonas putida (ATC
Page 195 and 196: Appendix B-3. Calibration of Chemic
Page 197 and 198: Appendix B-4. Calibration of Toluen
Page 199 and 200: Appendix C. Experimental Results: A
Page 201 and 202: Probe response time, s 12 10 8 6 4
Page 203 and 204: Appendix C-2. Fed-batch Operation B
Page 205 and 206: Appendix D: Mathematical Solutions
Page 207 and 208: The microscopic model allows the fo
Page 209 and 210: 13δ Y o , = 0.585 2 x = (D-24) (8K
Page 211 and 212: 2 σ = −1.3E − 06 (E-11) Y xe Y
Page 213: Biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid c
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Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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