Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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Collins, L. D., and A. J. Daugulis, 1999b. “Benzene/toluene/p-xylene degradation. Part II. Effect of substrate interactions and feeding strategies in toluene/benzene and toluene/p-xylene fermentations in a partitioning bioreactor”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 52: 360-365. Collins, L. D., and A. J. Daugulis, 1999c. “Simultaneous biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor: concept demonstration and practical application”, Biotechnol. Prog., 15: 74-80. Corseuil, H., and P. J. J. Alvarez, 1996. “Natural bioremediation perspective for BTXcontaminated groundwater in Brazil: Effect of ethanol”, Wat. Sci. Tech., 34 (7-8): 311-318. Corseuil, H.; C. Hunt; R. dos Santos Ferreira, and P. Alvarez, 1998. “The influence of the gasoline oxygenate ethanol on aerobic and anaerobic BTX biodegradation”, Wat. Res., 32(7): 2065-2072. Criddle, C. S., 1993. “The kinetics of cometabolism”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 41:1048- 1056. Cross Jr., F. L., and J. Howell, 1992. “New technology to meet air toxics regs”, Pollution Eng., March 15, 41-47. Darlington, A. B.; J. F. Dat, and M. A. Dixon, 2001. “The biofiltration of indoor air: Air flux and temperature influences the removal of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(1): 240-246. Doerr, W. W., 1993. “Plan for the future with pollution prevention”, Chem. Eng. Prog., January , 24-29. Dueso, N., 1994. “Volatile organic compounds treatment techniques”, Stud. Environ. Sci., 61:263–276. Edwards, F. G. and N. Nirmalakhandan, 1996. “Biological treatment of airstreams contaminated with VOCs : an Overview”, Wat. Sci. Tech., 34(3-4): 565-571. Environment Canada, 2005a. http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/cd/factsheets/smog/index_e.cfm; created: 2000-08-23, Reviewed: 2002-12-18, Visited: 2005-03-07. Environment Canada, 2005b. http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/cac/ape_tables/canada2000_e.cfm; last updated: 2004-12-30, last reviewed: 2004-12-30, Visited: 2005-03-07. EPA, 2005, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/trends02/trendsreportallpollutants01050 5.xls, 1/5/2005. Visited: 2005 – 03-07 158
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Page 1 and 2:
BIOREMEDIATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
Page 3 and 4:
ABSTRACT The mass transfer of ethan
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effect on the growth of P. putida.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Of the countless peo
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE
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4.3 Batch Growth on Ethanol and Ben
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Schemat
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Figure 5.3 (b) Simulation of ethano
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Figure 5-16. Continuous removal of
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NOMENCLATURE a - Interfacial area,
Page 21 and 22:
CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Air
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esults (van Groenestijn and Hesseli
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experimental results are presented
Page 27 and 28:
Table 2.2 VOC Emissions in the U.S.
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(paint shop effluents, for instance
Page 31 and 32:
combustion provides 70 to 90% air p
Page 33 and 34:
used to degrade ethanol vapours and
Page 35 and 36:
g m -3 . This would suggest that th
Page 37 and 38:
treatment, This excessive biomass f
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The simultaneous degradation of tol
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emoves only water-soluble gases. Wa
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2.2.6 Pseudomonas It is well known
Page 45 and 46:
2.3.2 Growth Models with Inhibition
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where µ is the total specific grow
Page 49 and 50:
2.4.1 Batch Reactor In a batch reac
Page 51 and 52:
discharged from the other end. The
Page 53 and 54:
element solution consisted of (gram
Page 55 and 56:
growth on ethanol, 20-48 hours for
Page 57 and 58:
Gas phase samples of toluene were c
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Inlet sampler Exit sampler To fume
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Once the oxygen meter indicated a s
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centrifuged and the supernatant was
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where k L a is the volumetric mass
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Figure 4-2a shows ethanol liquid co
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coefficient (k L a) in the well-mix
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calculated by dividing the gas volu
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Average bubble diameter, mm 8 7 6 5
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Bioflow III bioreactor. Equation (4
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3.5 y=Ln(S0/S) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 y = 12
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Ethanol and biomass concentration,
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4.3.2 Batch Growth on Benzyl Alcoho
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Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
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ethanol loading was beyond the maxi
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Table 4-2. Comparison of bioremedia
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Biomass, benzyl alcohol and toluene
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4.4.3 Toluene-ethanol Bioremediatio
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Substrate and biomass concentration
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Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
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Biomass and benzoic acid concentrat
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ethanol. These results clearly indi
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CHAPTER FIVE - MATHEMATICAL MODELIN
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The stoichiometry of the biomass sy
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synthesis and in the ethanol catabo
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1 max Y ex = − 0.635 + 2δ + K 3
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Biomass Eq.5-18 Benzyl Alcohol Eq.5
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r x r N -1.27 -1 0 1 0 0 -0.2 0 0 2
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φ = −θ b ⋅ν (5-31) φ b = 1.
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The data sets used to evaluate the
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Figures 5.4a and 5.4b present 95% c
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Ethanol and biomass concentration (
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Ethanol measured (C-mol/L) 0.3 0.25
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Figures 5.5 (a-d) demonstrate the s
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Benzyl alcohol and biomass concentr
Page 127 and 128: Benzyl alcohol measured (C-mol/L) 0
Page 129 and 130: x = 5 ∑ i= 1 x N i (5-40) where x
Page 131 and 132: ethanol in a steady state mode is l
Page 133 and 134: where ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3, ν 4 are
Page 135 and 136: Biomass concentration, g/L 1.5 1 0.
Page 137 and 138: φ T =ν 4 (5-53b) φx = −ν 1 (5
Page 139 and 140: In this study, a metabolic model ha
Page 141 and 142: Equations (5-34) and (5-35) and the
Page 143 and 144: ATP 1 = Y max ATP r x + m ATP ⋅ C
Page 145 and 146: Ethanol, biomass and ammonium conce
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5-13a shows that the lower t
Page 149 and 150: Biomass, substrate concentrations,
Page 151 and 152: C e DKe = (5-63) μ − D m Equatio
Page 153 and 154: corresponds with the value associat
Page 155 and 156: Biomass and ethanol concentrations
Page 157 and 158: than 4.0 mg/L at all dilution rates
Page 159 and 160: Biomass, benzyl alcohol and ammonia
Page 161 and 162: negligible ( y out , e = 0) , and e
Page 163 and 164: Figure 5-17 shows the results at a
Page 165 and 166: Biomass Concentrations, g/L 3.5 3 2
Page 167 and 168: C x ( 1 max Q max = ⋅{ D( Cb0 −
Page 169 and 170: 1.2 g/L, the system could not be op
Page 171 and 172: The continuous models can capture a
Page 173 and 174: • Air stripping coefficients obta
Page 175 and 176: Toluene acts as an inhibitor on the
Page 177: Bruining, W. J., G. E. H. Joosten,
Page 181 and 182: Keuning, S., and D. Jager, 1994.
Page 183 and 184: Orshansky, F., and N. Narkis, 1997.
Page 185 and 186: Togna, A. P, M. Singh, 1994. “Bio
Page 187 and 188: APPENDIX A. Important Metabolic Pat
Page 189 and 190: III. Toluene Pathway (Adapted from
Page 191 and 192: Appendix B. Calibration Procedure a
Page 193 and 194: Figure B-2. Pseudomonas putida (ATC
Page 195 and 196: Appendix B-3. Calibration of Chemic
Page 197 and 198: Appendix B-4. Calibration of Toluen
Page 199 and 200: Appendix C. Experimental Results: A
Page 201 and 202: Probe response time, s 12 10 8 6 4
Page 203 and 204: Appendix C-2. Fed-batch Operation B
Page 205 and 206: Appendix D: Mathematical Solutions
Page 207 and 208: The microscopic model allows the fo
Page 209 and 210: 13δ Y o , = 0.585 2 x = (D-24) (8K
Page 211 and 212: 2 σ = −1.3E − 06 (E-11) Y xe Y
Page 213: Biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid c
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Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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