Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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Table 5.1 Optimum Parameters for Ethanol Bioremediation Parameters (units) Symbol Value Units max The Maximum Yield Y xe 0.59 ± 0.002 The Maximum Specific Rate of max μ xe 0.56 ± 0.01 1/h Biomass Synthesis The Half Saturation Constant of K e 0.026 ± 0.008 C-mol/L Biomass Synthesis m s , e The Specific Maintenance Rate 0.053 ± 0.006 C-mol/C-mol-h Table 5.2 Optimum Parameters for Benzyl Alcohol Bioremediation Parameters Symbol Value Units The Maximum Yield max Y xb 0.45 ± 0.01 The Maximum Specific Rate of max μ xb 0.42 ± 0.01 1/h Biomass Synthesis The Half Saturation Constant of Biomass Synthesis K b 0.022 ± 0.007 C-mol/L The Specific Maintenance Rate 1 m , 0.030-0.072 C-mol/C-mol h The Maximum Substrate Conc. C b,max 0.19 ± 0.01 C-mol/L Inhibition Power n 0.3 ± 0.07 s b 1 Due to the inhibition of benzyl alcohol, the maintenance for growth varied from 0.014 to 0.072 C- mol/C-mol h for benzyl alcohol initial concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.19 C-mol/L. Figures 5.3(a-e) show the simulation results for five individual runs of ethanol bioremediation using the optimum parameters in Table 5.1. The parity plots presented in Figures 5.4 (a-b) compare the simulation results with the batch experimental results of ethanol bioremediation at different initial ethanol concentrations. The dash lines in 96
Figures 5.4a and 5.4b present 95% confidence intervals: error = ± t * S 0.025, N (Kennedy and Neville, 1974), where t 2.009 , s is the standard deviation (for biomass s x = 0 .025,53 = 0.0057 C-mol/L; for ethanol s e = 0.0089 C-mol/L). The results reveal that most of the predicted values for both ethanol and biomass fall within 95% confidence level. Figure 5-4c shows the determination of specific growth rates of Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 23973) on ethanol by plotting ln(X) versus time for the batch runs. The slope of the straight line gives the specific growth rate of bacteria during the exponential growth phase, which is found to be 0 .37 ± 0. 03 h -1 for ethanol initial concentrations between 2.3 to 5.8 g/L. This result shows that there is no inhibition effect for ethanol growing on P. putida within the range of this investigation, which verifies the use of the Monod model for growth on ethanol. Ethanol and biomass concentration (C-mol/L) 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 Biomass measured Ethanol measured Ethanol predicted Biomass predicted 0 5 10 15 Time, h Figure 5.3 (a) Simulation of ethanol bioremediation at initial ethanol concentration of 0.10 C-mol/L. 97
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BIOREMEDIATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
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ABSTRACT The mass transfer of ethan
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effect on the growth of P. putida.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Of the countless peo
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PERMISSION TO USE
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4.3 Batch Growth on Ethanol and Ben
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1. Schemat
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Figure 5.3 (b) Simulation of ethano
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Figure 5-16. Continuous removal of
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NOMENCLATURE a - Interfacial area,
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Air
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esults (van Groenestijn and Hesseli
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experimental results are presented
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Table 2.2 VOC Emissions in the U.S.
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(paint shop effluents, for instance
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combustion provides 70 to 90% air p
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used to degrade ethanol vapours and
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g m -3 . This would suggest that th
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treatment, This excessive biomass f
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The simultaneous degradation of tol
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emoves only water-soluble gases. Wa
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2.2.6 Pseudomonas It is well known
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2.3.2 Growth Models with Inhibition
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where µ is the total specific grow
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2.4.1 Batch Reactor In a batch reac
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discharged from the other end. The
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element solution consisted of (gram
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growth on ethanol, 20-48 hours for
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Gas phase samples of toluene were c
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Inlet sampler Exit sampler To fume
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Once the oxygen meter indicated a s
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centrifuged and the supernatant was
Page 65 and 66: where k L a is the volumetric mass
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4-2a shows ethanol liquid co
Page 69 and 70: coefficient (k L a) in the well-mix
Page 71 and 72: calculated by dividing the gas volu
Page 73 and 74: Average bubble diameter, mm 8 7 6 5
Page 75 and 76: Bioflow III bioreactor. Equation (4
Page 77 and 78: 3.5 y=Ln(S0/S) 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 y = 12
Page 79 and 80: Ethanol and biomass concentration,
Page 81 and 82: 4.3.2 Batch Growth on Benzyl Alcoho
Page 83 and 84: Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
Page 85 and 86: ethanol loading was beyond the maxi
Page 87 and 88: Table 4-2. Comparison of bioremedia
Page 89 and 90: Biomass, benzyl alcohol and toluene
Page 91 and 92: 4.4.3 Toluene-ethanol Bioremediatio
Page 93 and 94: Substrate and biomass concentration
Page 95 and 96: Biomass and benzyl alcohol concentr
Page 97 and 98: Biomass and benzoic acid concentrat
Page 99 and 100: ethanol. These results clearly indi
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER FIVE - MATHEMATICAL MODELIN
Page 103 and 104: The stoichiometry of the biomass sy
Page 105 and 106: synthesis and in the ethanol catabo
Page 107 and 108: 1 max Y ex = − 0.635 + 2δ + K 3
Page 109 and 110: Biomass Eq.5-18 Benzyl Alcohol Eq.5
Page 111 and 112: r x r N -1.27 -1 0 1 0 0 -0.2 0 0 2
Page 113 and 114: φ = −θ b ⋅ν (5-31) φ b = 1.
Page 115: The data sets used to evaluate the
Page 119 and 120: Ethanol and biomass concentration (
Page 121 and 122: Ethanol measured (C-mol/L) 0.3 0.25
Page 123 and 124: Figures 5.5 (a-d) demonstrate the s
Page 125 and 126: Benzyl alcohol and biomass concentr
Page 127 and 128: Benzyl alcohol measured (C-mol/L) 0
Page 129 and 130: x = 5 ∑ i= 1 x N i (5-40) where x
Page 131 and 132: ethanol in a steady state mode is l
Page 133 and 134: where ν 1 , ν 2 , ν 3, ν 4 are
Page 135 and 136: Biomass concentration, g/L 1.5 1 0.
Page 137 and 138: φ T =ν 4 (5-53b) φx = −ν 1 (5
Page 139 and 140: In this study, a metabolic model ha
Page 141 and 142: Equations (5-34) and (5-35) and the
Page 143 and 144: ATP 1 = Y max ATP r x + m ATP ⋅ C
Page 145 and 146: Ethanol, biomass and ammonium conce
Page 147 and 148: Figure 5-13a shows that the lower t
Page 149 and 150: Biomass, substrate concentrations,
Page 151 and 152: C e DKe = (5-63) μ − D m Equatio
Page 153 and 154: corresponds with the value associat
Page 155 and 156: Biomass and ethanol concentrations
Page 157 and 158: than 4.0 mg/L at all dilution rates
Page 159 and 160: Biomass, benzyl alcohol and ammonia
Page 161 and 162: negligible ( y out , e = 0) , and e
Page 163 and 164: Figure 5-17 shows the results at a
Page 165 and 166: Biomass Concentrations, g/L 3.5 3 2
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C x ( 1 max Q max = ⋅{ D( Cb0 −
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1.2 g/L, the system could not be op
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The continuous models can capture a
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• Air stripping coefficients obta
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Toluene acts as an inhibitor on the
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Bruining, W. J., G. E. H. Joosten,
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Falatko, D. M., and J. T. Novak, 19
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Keuning, S., and D. Jager, 1994.
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Orshansky, F., and N. Narkis, 1997.
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Togna, A. P, M. Singh, 1994. “Bio
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APPENDIX A. Important Metabolic Pat
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III. Toluene Pathway (Adapted from
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Appendix B. Calibration Procedure a
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Figure B-2. Pseudomonas putida (ATC
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Appendix B-3. Calibration of Chemic
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Appendix B-4. Calibration of Toluen
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Appendix C. Experimental Results: A
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Probe response time, s 12 10 8 6 4
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Appendix C-2. Fed-batch Operation B
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Appendix D: Mathematical Solutions
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The microscopic model allows the fo
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13δ Y o , = 0.585 2 x = (D-24) (8K
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2 σ = −1.3E − 06 (E-11) Y xe Y
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Biomass, ethanol, and acetic acid c
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Experimental Study of Biodegradation of Ethanol and Toluene Vapors

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