A Review of FBI Security Programs

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DOCUMENT SECURITY Classified Document Practices.......................................................................................... 74 Secret Information Top Secret and Sensitive Compartmented Information FISA Documents................................................................................................................ 82 Compliance And Discipline............................................................................................... 85 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 88
Much of Robert Hanssen’s espionage involved compromising FBI document security by photocopying or downloading classified material and carrying it out of Bureau facilities. Thefts by a trusted employee entitled to read most of what he stole are difficult to prevent, short of invasive searches. No document security system can unfailingly prevent employee theft. However, reasonable measures can be taken to make theft more difficult and easier to detect. FBI employees working with classified material operate in a culture that unduly emphasizes operational efficiency at the expense of document security. As a result, classified information, spread throughout the Bureau on paper and on widely accessible computer networks, is inadequately secured. To access classified information, an FBI employee must have a security clearance and need to know that information. Since every FBI employee has a Top Secret clearance, the clearance alone becomes essentially irrelevant as a tool to control access to classified material within the Bureau. That leaves enforcement of the need-to-know principle as the linchpin of access control. The principle purposely slows down information flow to ensure that personnel actually need to know the information they receive to perform their jobs. This is sometimes inconvenient and at odds with the criminal investigative culture dominant at the Bureau. The overarching solution to document and related physical security problems at the FBI will require a profound realignment of culture to emphasize that classified information should be shared only to the extent necessary for successful operations. FBI employees must be taught and regularly reminded why the need-to-know principle is worth the inconvenience it can cause and how the principle can be employed in such a way that operations are not impaired. Operational efficiency is important, and tightening controls on classified information will come at a cost in resources and efficiency. Moreover, additional controls will not -73-
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U.S. Department of Justice A Review
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Commission for the Review of FBI Se
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Contents Executive Summary ........
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The Commission for the Review of FB
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in FBI security programs that will
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Unlike other Intelligence Community
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INTRODUCTION I could have been a de
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un by an officer in the Soviet mili
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establishment, U.S. penetration of
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operatives he had exposed as double
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Hanssen was indicted on twenty-one
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een transferred to FBI Headquarters
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Gardens. The rebellious colonies di
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Furthermore, in spite of Hanssen’
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others.” In calling for the estab
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have discovered in FBI security pro
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The following is a compressed compi
Page 35 and 36: I. Security Investigations And Adju
Page 37 and 38: DOCUMENT SECURITY I. Classified Na
Page 39 and 40: of Central Intelligence Directives
Page 41 and 42: II. The Office of Security Should D
Page 43 and 44: INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY (INFOS
Page 45 and 46: Robert Hanssen’s espionage demons
Page 47 and 48: een filled, the persons assigned of
Page 49 and 50: with the preliminary damage assessm
Page 51 and 52: FBI was investigating him. 13 While
Page 53 and 54: focus. 14 As a result of inadequate
Page 55 and 56: in unrestricted administrative case
Page 57 and 58: On October 3, 2001, an Electronic C
Page 59 and 60: senior FBI officials responsible fo
Page 61 and 62: percent of the amount sought. 16 Th
Page 63 and 64: information security policies that
Page 65 and 66: PERSONNEL SECURITY I think that [my
Page 67 and 68: The Commission conducted a detailed
Page 69 and 70: The PSU is also responsible for adm
Page 71 and 72: Unit for new applicants, the Person
Page 73 and 74: various elements is spread througho
Page 75 and 76: addressed. These interviews are ess
Page 77 and 78: identified, these individuals can b
Page 79 and 80: overextended and potentially at ris
Page 81 and 82: The FBI’s polygraph program was i
Page 83 and 84: awareness programs relating to poly
Page 85: DOCUMENT SECURITY Security was lax
Page 89 and 90: Room. In the same year, the FBI Mai
Page 91 and 92: Given the ubiquity of ACS, Headquar
Page 93 and 94: (SCI). Before being given access to
Page 95 and 96: eceived in the wake of recent terro
Page 97 and 98: under minimum security controls. Th
Page 99 and 100: carriers receive timely security cl
Page 101 and 102: with the true scope of improper act
Page 103 and 104: SECURITY STRUCTURE . . . [I]f I had
Page 105 and 106: In general, we found serious weakne
Page 107 and 108: executive will ensure constant focu
Page 109 and 110: technical security countermeasures.
Page 111 and 112: Eighty-five percent of those office
Page 113 and 114: months training in investigations,
Page 115 and 116: accounts cancelled. A six-hour secu
Page 117 and 118: Unfortunately, reporting to securit
Page 119 and 120: security violations should be subje
Page 121 and 122: and training. -106-
Page 123 and 124: Robert Hanssen’s treachery is hei
Page 125 and 126: Glossary of Acronyms Acronym ACS AD
Page 127 and 128: Acronym GSR HERU HIT HCS HQ HUMINT
Page 129 and 130: Acronym OPM OPR OPSEC ORCON OSI OST
Page 131 and 132: COMMISSION CHARTER
Page 133 and 134: time equivalent government personne
Page 135 and 136: WILLIAM H. WEBSTER, the Commission
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A Review of FBI Security Programs

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