title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

for the calculation of seismic event parameters, which will aid in characterizing large events in the Creighton Deep. Mine personnel should recognize the role of faults in influencing the flow of stress when monitoring established levels. Three-dimensional models are recommended in order to gain insight into stress migration from sources external to the 7400 Level. The 461 Orebody and Plum Orebody seem to have an effect on stress distribution and have a large impact on seismicity in Cluster 1. Lastly, diligent structural mapping and shear characterization is highly recommended to further develop and refine the existing structural model. Knowledge of geological environment is essential to understand the response of the rock mass to mining. It is recommended that structures encountered during excavation be thoroughly described and documented before applying shotcrete or support that inhibits future analysis. Descriptions should include dimensions of high strain zones and damage zones as well as incidences of fault gauge, slickenlines, brittle failure and brittle kinematic indicators. 110
References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P. K., & Simser, B. P. (1998). Use of microseismic source parameters for rockburst hazard assessment. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 153(1), 41-65. Ames, D.E., Davidson, A., Buckle, J.L., and Card, K.D. (2005). Geology, Sudbury bedrock compilation, Ontario: Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 4570, scale: 1:50 000. Anderson, E. (1951). The dynamics of faulting: London. Oliver and Boyd, 206. Bailey, J., Lafrance, B., McDonald, A. M., Fedorowich, J. S., Kamo, S., & Archibald, D. A. (2004). Mazatzal–Labradorian-age (1.7–1.6 Ga) ductile deformation of the south range Sudbury impact structure at the Thayer Lindsley mine, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 41(12), 1491-1505. Bawden, W.F., Coulson, A.L. (1993). Structural and Geochemical Study of Creighton Mine with Increased Attention Focused on the Levels Below the 6600 Level. Report prepared for INCO Mines Research, Sudbury, Ontario by the Department of Mining Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. Beck, D. A., Brady, B. H. G., & Grant, D. R. (1997). Induced stress and microseismicity in the 3000 Orebody, Mount Isa. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 15(3), 221-233. Bellier, O., Over, S., Poisson, A., & Andrieux, J. (1997). Recent temporal change in the stress state and modern stress field along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Geophysical Journal International, 131(1), 61-86. Bellier, O., & Zoback, M. L. (1995). Recent state of stress change in the Walker Lane zone, western Basin and Range province, United States. Tectonics, 14(3), 564-593. Blake, W., & Hedley, D. G. F. (2003). Rockbursts: Case studies from North American hard-rock mines. USA: society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc.. Brocoum, S. J., & Dalziel, I. W. D. (1974). The Sudbury Basin, the Southern Province, the Grenville Front, and the Penokean Orogeny. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 85(10), 1571-1580. Cai, M., Kaiser, P. K., Tasaka, Y., Maejima, T., Morioka, H., & Minami, M. (2004). Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41(5), 833-847. Cochrane, L. B. (1991). Analysis of the structural and tectonic environments associated with rockmass failures in the mines of the Sudbury District. Ph.D. Thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston. 111
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THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
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esulting in increased stress to the
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
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Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
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ack breccia and sediments later dep
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Murray Fault, the principal fault o
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2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
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B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
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Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
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Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
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Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
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Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
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Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
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Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
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Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
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Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
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(Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
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2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
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overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
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Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
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Both of these inferred stress direc
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are, at this time, in the process o
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Microseismic events of this subset
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3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
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3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
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located events were removed from cl
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Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
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Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
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Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
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) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75 and 76: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
Page 87 and 88: This parameter reflects the magnitu
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
Page 95 and 96: 4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
Page 97 and 98: Stress-strain relationships are use
Page 99 and 100: Rock mass failure is governed by th
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
Page 103 and 104: The zero cohesion and low friction
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
Page 107 and 108: Figure 4.11: Model of differential
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
Page 111 and 112: stress field model. There is little
Page 113 and 114: clustering are indications of rock
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
Page 119 and 120: seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
Page 121 and 122: contains energetic events and is no
Page 123 and 124: preferentially oriented fracture pl
Page 125: methodologies employed are of value
Page 129 and 130: Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
Page 131 and 132: Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
Page 133 and 134: Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
Page 135 and 136: A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
Page 137 and 138: Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
Page 139 and 140: Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
Page 141 and 142: Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
Page 143 and 144: MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
Page 145 and 146: 2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
Page 147 and 148: B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
Page 149 and 150: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 155 and 156: Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
Page 157 and 158: Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
Page 159 and 160: 143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
Page 161 and 162: B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 163 and 164: 147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
Page 165 and 166: B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 167 and 168: 151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
Page 169 and 170: Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
Page 171 and 172: P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
Page 173 and 174: P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
Page 175 and 176: P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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