title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Figure D20 Rock mass states of degradation, as modelled for the 7400 Level in Phase 2 . D.4 Comparison of Phase 2 and UDEC Modelling Results The stress distribution in Phase 2 results closely correspond to that modelled with UDEC. Differences in results using the two programs and numerical methods are reviewed. D.4.1 Similarities • The distribution of stress around the excavation on the 7400 Level is comparable to that in UDEC: Stress flows in a ring around the main excavation. This stress is intensified to the SE of the excavation and diminished in the SW. This result is comparable to the distribution of seismicity around the main excavation. Results are similar even with different initial loading conditions. 184
• Similar damage zones surrounding the excavation are modelled in both programs with tensile deformation in proximity to the excavation and damage in shear beyond this. D.4.2 Differences • The modelled elevated differential stress in Phase2 is often restricted to the area between two shear zones (the Return Air Raise Shear Zone and Plum Shear Zone on the 7400 Level, for example) or bounded by shear zones. This suggests that stress is bounded by shear zones. High stresses occur in stiffer rock rather than accumulated in weak zones. • In plastic models, yielding is restricted to a zone surrounding the excavation, similar to UDEC model results, but no yielding is modeled along shear zones. • Slip is induced on the Fresh Air Raise, Plum, 402 and Northwest Shear Zones to the south of the excavation. This slip occurs within the yield zone. This differs from slip modelled in UDEC, in which slip is only induced along the Plum and Fresh Air Raise Shear Zones. Model results produced using the distinct element method (UDEC) and finite element method (Phase 2 ) are very similar. The interactive visual display in Phase 2 and the minimal computing time required to produce a stress model make the finite element method a time-efficient way to model stress in two-dimensions in the Creighton Deep. The capabilities of UDEC are more robust. More detail is available for individual models and routines can be easily to expand the depth of the analysis. 185
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THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
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esulting in increased stress to the
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
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Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
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ack breccia and sediments later dep
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Murray Fault, the principal fault o
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2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
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B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
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Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
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Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
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Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
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Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
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Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
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Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
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Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
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Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
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(Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
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2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
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overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
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Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
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Both of these inferred stress direc
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are, at this time, in the process o
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Microseismic events of this subset
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3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
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3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
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located events were removed from cl
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Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
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Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
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Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
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) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
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quadrants of dilatation and compres
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Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
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mechanism shows that over 57% of th
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Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
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Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
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Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
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This parameter reflects the magnitu
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
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Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
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4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
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Stress-strain relationships are use
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Rock mass failure is governed by th
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Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
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The zero cohesion and low friction
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Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
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Figure 4.11: Model of differential
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Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
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stress field model. There is little
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clustering are indications of rock
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Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
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Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
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seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
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contains energetic events and is no
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preferentially oriented fracture pl
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methodologies employed are of value
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References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
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Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
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Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
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Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
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A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
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Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
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Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
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Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
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MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
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2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
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B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
Page 149 and 150: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 155 and 156: Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
Page 157 and 158: Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
Page 159 and 160: 143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
Page 161 and 162: B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 163 and 164: 147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
Page 165 and 166: B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 167 and 168: 151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
Page 169 and 170: Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
Page 171 and 172: P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
Page 173 and 174: P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
Page 179 and 180: D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
Page 181 and 182: Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
Page 183 and 184: A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
Page 185 and 186: A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
Page 187 and 188: D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
Page 189 and 190: D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
Page 191 and 192: D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
Page 193 and 194: D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
Page 195 and 196: Staged models were created in which
Page 197 and 198: Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
Page 199: Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
Page 203 and 204: ; ;================================
Page 205 and 206: change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
Page 207 and 208: crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
Page 209 and 210: ;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
Page 211 and 212: crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
Page 213 and 214: crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
Page 215 and 216: crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
Page 217 and 218: ;===== define sub block ===========
Page 219 and 220: E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
Page 221 and 222: yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
Page 223 and 224: and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
Page 225: Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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