title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

2.3.8 Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone The Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone strikes N258° and dips 80° to the NW (Fig. 2.5) and is parallel to the orientation of the Murray-Creighton Splay fault. It is observed on 7400 and 7200 Levels with variable grain size and texture. The shear zone on 7200 Level is hosted in cohesive, highly strained granite and exhibits a well-defined quartz and biotite foliation. Some quartz-rich veins oriented parallel to the shear zone are present in this location. On the 7400 Level, the Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone is expressed as a 1.5 m wide zone of ultramylonite with a fine-grained biotite-rich fabric. The shear zone contains deformed inclusions of granitic material and is hosted in strained porphyritic alkali feldspar granite. The Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone in this location is associated with localized damage to wire mesh. In thin section the Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone is composed of bimodal-sized microcline, quartz and biotite and contains minor calcite and sericite (Fig. 2.11A-D). Chlorite is present in the ultramylonite specimen in addition to these minerals. Biotite forms discrete bands that anastomose around coarse K-feldspar grains. K-feldspar shows reduction in grain size in finegrained bands. Ribbons of anhedral quartz also anastomose around the coarser grains. Calcite is found in strain shadows adjacent to multi-granular K-feldspar clasts (Fig. 2.11A) and as subhedral grains that are elongated along foliation. In the ultramylonitic sample (Fig. 2.11B-D) there is a distinct reduction in grain size, a welldeveloped foliation, quartz ribbons and rotation of angular clasts (Fig 2.11C, D). Shear-sense indicators (eg. Fig. A) suggest a possible reverse component of motion. 28
Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone showing (A) Shear and C’ planes; (B) ultramylonite textures; (C) Detail of thin section in (B); and (D) detail of thin section in (B). Bt, biotite; Cal, calcite; Chl, chlorite; Cpx, clinopyroxene; Opx, orthopyroxene; Qtz, quartz. 2.3.9 Fresh Air Raise-type Shear Zone The Fresh Air Raise-Type Shear Zone is observed at the lowermost point of the mine on the 7940 ramp. The shear zone strikes N249° and dips 80° to the NW and persists beyond the width of the drift and may extend to the Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone (Fig. 2.5). This shear zone displays a 29
Page 1 and 2: THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
Page 3 and 4: esulting in increased stress to the
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 7 and 8: 4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 13 and 14: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
Page 23 and 24: ack breccia and sediments later dep
Page 25 and 26: Murray Fault, the principal fault o
Page 27 and 28: 2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
Page 29 and 30: B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
Page 43: Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
Page 47 and 48: (Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
Page 51 and 52: overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
Page 55 and 56: Both of these inferred stress direc
Page 57 and 58: are, at this time, in the process o
Page 59 and 60: Microseismic events of this subset
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
Page 65 and 66: located events were removed from cl
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
Page 73 and 74: ) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75 and 76: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
Page 87 and 88: This parameter reflects the magnitu
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
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4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
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Stress-strain relationships are use
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Rock mass failure is governed by th
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Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
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The zero cohesion and low friction
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Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
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Figure 4.11: Model of differential
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Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
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stress field model. There is little
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clustering are indications of rock
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Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
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Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
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seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
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contains energetic events and is no
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preferentially oriented fracture pl
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methodologies employed are of value
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References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
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Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
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Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
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Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
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A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
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Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
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Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
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Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
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MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
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2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
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B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
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Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
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143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
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B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
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B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
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Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
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P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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