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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Corfu, F., & Andrews, A. J. (1986). A U-Pb age for mineralized Nipissing diabase, Gowganda, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23(1), 107-109. Coulson, A.L. (1996). Mine induced Seismicity in highly stressed ground: a case study – Creighton Mine Inco Ltd., Sudbury. Ph.D. Thesis, Queen’s University, Kingston. Coulson, A. L., & Bawden, W. F. (2008). Observation of the spatial and temporal changes of microseismic source parameters and locations, used to identify the state of the rock mass in relation to the peak and post-peak strength conditions. The 42nd US Rock Mechanics Symposium and 2nd US-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium, San Francisco, 2008. Cundall, P. A., & Hart, R. D. (1992). Numerical modelling of discontinua. Engineering Computations, 9(2), 101-113. Diederichs, M. S. (2003). Rock fracture and collapse under low confinement conditions. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 36(5), 339-381. Dietz, R. S. (1964). Sudbury structure as an astrobleme. The Journal of Geology, 72(4), 412-434. Dressler, B. O. (1984). General geology of the Sudbury area. The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure, Edited by EG Pye, AJ Naldrett, and PE Giblin. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume, 1, 57–82. Dressler, B. O., & Reimold, W. U. (2001). Terrestrial impact melt rocks and glasses. Earth Science Reviews, 56(1-4), 205-284. Duncan Fama, M. E. (1993). Numerical modelling of yield zones in weak rocks. Comprehensive Rock Engineering, 2, 49–75. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Durrheim, R. J., Anderson, R. L., Cichowicz, A., Ebrahim-Trolloped, R., Hubert, G., Kijko, A., et al. (2006). The risks to miners, mines, and the public posed by large seismic events in the gold mining districts of South Africa. In J. Hadjigeorgiou, M. Grenon (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, 2-4 October 2006, Quebec City, Université Laval, Canada. Eberhardt, E., Stead, D. & Stimpson, B. (1999). Quantifying progressive pre-peak brittle fracture damage in rock during uniaxial compression. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 36, 361-380. Falmagne, V. (2001). Quantification of Rock Mass Degradation using Microseismic Monitoring and Applications for Mine Design, Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Mining Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. Feustel, A. J. (1998). Seismic attenuation in underground mines: A comparative evaluation of methods and results. Tectonophysics, 289(1-3), 31-49. Freund, R. (1974). Kinematics of transform and transcurrent faults. Tectonophysics, 21, 93-134. 112
Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Structural and Chemical Controls on Mineralization at the Creighton Mine, Sudbury. Vale Inco Limited Internal Report. Gay, N. C., Spencer, D., Van Wyk, J. J., & Van Der Heever, P. K. (1984). The control of geological and mining parameters on seismicity in the Klerksdorp gold mining district. Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., Johannesburg, 107–120. Gephart, J. W. (1990). FMSI: A FORTRAN program for inverting fault/slickenside and earthquake focal mechanism data to obtain the regional stress tensor. Computers & Geosciences, 16(7), 953-989. Gephart, J. W., & Forsyth, D. W. (1984). An improved method for determining the regional stress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data: Application to the San Fernando earthquake sequence. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 89(B11). Gibowicz, S. J., Kijko, A., & McGarr, A. (1994). An introduction to mining seismology. USA: Academic Press. Gibowicz, S. J., Young, R. P., Talebi, S., & Rawlence, D. J. (1991). Source parameters of seismic events at the underground research laboratory in Manitoba, Canada: Scaling relations for events with moment magnitude smaller than-2. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 81(4), 1157-1182. Grant, R. W., & Bite, A. (1984). Sudbury quartz diorite offset dikes. In E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett, P.E. Giblin (eds.), The geology and ore deposits of the Sudbury Structure (275–301). Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 1. Hart, R.D. (1993). An introduction to distinct element modeling for rock engineering in weak rock. In J.A. Hudston (Ed.), Comprehensive rock engineering, 2 (p. 245–261). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press. Heaman, L. M. (1997). Global mafic magmatism at 2.45 Ga; remnants of an ancient large igneous province? Geology, 25(4), 299-302. Hemming, S. R., McDaniel, D. K., McLennan, S. M., & Hanson, G. N. (1996). Pb isotope constraints on the provenance and diagenesis of detrital feldspars from the Sudbury Basin, Canada. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 142(3-4), 501-512. Hodder, D. 2002. Major structural trends of the Creighton Embayment and related exploration targets along the South Range. Vale Inco Technical Services Internal Report. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. 2000. UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code), Version 3.10, Minneapolis : ICG. Jaeger, J. C., Cook, N. G. W., & Zimmerman, R. W. (2007). Fundamentals of rock mechanics (4 th ed.). London: Blackwell Publishers, 38-41. 113
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THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
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esulting in increased stress to the
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
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Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
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ack breccia and sediments later dep
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Murray Fault, the principal fault o
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2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
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B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
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Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
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Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
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Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
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Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
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Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
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Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
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Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
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Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
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(Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
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2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
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overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
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Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
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Both of these inferred stress direc
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are, at this time, in the process o
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Microseismic events of this subset
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3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
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3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
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located events were removed from cl
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Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
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Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
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Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
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) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
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quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
Page 87 and 88: This parameter reflects the magnitu
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
Page 95 and 96: 4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
Page 97 and 98: Stress-strain relationships are use
Page 99 and 100: Rock mass failure is governed by th
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
Page 103 and 104: The zero cohesion and low friction
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
Page 107 and 108: Figure 4.11: Model of differential
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
Page 111 and 112: stress field model. There is little
Page 113 and 114: clustering are indications of rock
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
Page 119 and 120: seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
Page 121 and 122: contains energetic events and is no
Page 123 and 124: preferentially oriented fracture pl
Page 125 and 126: methodologies employed are of value
Page 127: References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
Page 131 and 132: Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
Page 133 and 134: Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
Page 135 and 136: A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
Page 137 and 138: Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
Page 139 and 140: Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
Page 141 and 142: Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
Page 143 and 144: MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
Page 145 and 146: 2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
Page 147 and 148: B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
Page 149 and 150: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 155 and 156: Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
Page 157 and 158: Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
Page 159 and 160: 143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
Page 161 and 162: B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 163 and 164: 147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
Page 165 and 166: B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
Page 167 and 168: 151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
Page 169 and 170: Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
Page 171 and 172: P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
Page 173 and 174: P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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