title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Thin sections were made from collected oriented specimens. These were cut parallel to lineation and perpendicular to foliation as well as perpendicular to both lineation and foliation. Thin sections were examined for fabrics and microstructures. Shear zone kinematics are of economic interest as many of the shear zones in Creighton Mine control the shape and distribution of orebodies. Shear-sense indicators in this thesis are of interest for establishing the tectonic heredity of the shear zones in the Creighton Deep. Microstructural analysis is used to characterize faults and deformation mechanisms. A summary of faults and fault characteristics is presented in Table 2.3. For consistency with current mapping and because its strike, dip and shear zone spacing are conformable to other shear zones observed within the 118 System within the study area, the Plum Shear Zone is assigned to the 118 Shear System. The Plum Shear Zone is described as its own shear system by Seidler (2008) because of its association with the Plum Orebody (referred to as 6100 Orebody in Fig. 2.4A and 2.4B). In previous structural work by Tulk, (2001) the Plum Shear Zone is described as a prominent NNE-striking splay fault. Shear zones have been mapped by Vale Inco staff as planar and continuous features, though shear zones can vary in attitude and thickness and are not always continuous in their extent. The 1290 and Footwall Shear Zones seem to be continuous features while 118 System shear zones and splays cannot always be traced level-to-level. 16
Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Characteristics Shear Name Approximate Strike/Dip Rock Type Features Footwall Shear Zone N 313/55° NE Biotite/chlorite schist • 0.3-0.6 m width • Strongly developed schistosity • Sub-vertical mineral lineations, • Near horizontal crenulation • C-S-C’ fabrics • Associated damage to shotcrete • Predominant reverse sense-of-shear 1290 Shear Zone N 270/80° N Biotite schist with concordant quartz veins • Greater than 6 m • Strongly developed schistosity • Biotite mineral lineation • Abundant concordant veins • Unknown sense-of-shear, reported strike-slip offset 400-East Shear Zone Grizzly Shear Zone (splay) Northwest Shear Zone Return Air Raise Shear Zone N 090/70° S Biotite-rich phyllonite • Weak schistosity • Sub-vertical biotite mineral lineation • Quartz-carbonate veins • Sub-horizontal slickenlines • Strike-slip overprinting N 053/75° WNW Biotite schist • 0.5 m width • Sharp contact with host rock • Strongly developed schistosity • Biotite mineral lineation • Near-horizontal crenulation • Apparent reverse sense-of-shear N 247/75° NW Biotite schist (VI)* • 3 m in width • Strongly developed schistosity (VI) • Limited exposure and exposure restricted by shotcrete • Unknown Sense of Shear N 244/85° NW Ultramylonite • Strongly developed foliation, • Sharp contacts with ore/host rock • Associated damage to shotcrete • Unknown Sense of Shear 402 Shear Zone N 241/85° NW Biotite schist (VI) • 1.2 m in width • Strongly developed schistosity (VI) • Exposure restricted by shotcrete • Reverse sense-of-shear (Siddorn, 2006) Plum Shear Zone N 235/80° NW Biotite schist (VI) • 3 m in width (variable) • Strongly developed schistosity • Concordant quartz-carbonate veins (VI) • Unknown sense-of-shear Fresh Air Raise Shear Zone N 258/80° NW Mylonite/ ultramylonite • 1.5 m in width (7400L) • Strong/weak schistosity (location dependent) • Apparent reverse sense-of-shear Fresh Air Raisetype Shear Zone N 249/80° NW Quartz-metagabbro • Well-foliated, defined by quartz and biotite. • Weak mineral alignment; No mineral lineation • Foliation-parallel quartz veins • Unknown sense-of-shear *(VI) indicates information gathered from Vale Inco digital geological maps 17
Page 1 and 2: THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
Page 3 and 4: esulting in increased stress to the
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 7 and 8: 4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 13 and 14: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
Page 23 and 24: ack breccia and sediments later dep
Page 25 and 26: Murray Fault, the principal fault o
Page 27 and 28: 2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
Page 29 and 30: B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
Page 31: Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
Page 47 and 48: (Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
Page 51 and 52: overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
Page 55 and 56: Both of these inferred stress direc
Page 57 and 58: are, at this time, in the process o
Page 59 and 60: Microseismic events of this subset
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
Page 65 and 66: located events were removed from cl
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
Page 73 and 74: ) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75 and 76: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
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Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
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Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
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This parameter reflects the magnitu
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
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Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
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4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
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Stress-strain relationships are use
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Rock mass failure is governed by th
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Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
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The zero cohesion and low friction
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Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
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Figure 4.11: Model of differential
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Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
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stress field model. There is little
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clustering are indications of rock
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Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
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Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
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seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
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contains energetic events and is no
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preferentially oriented fracture pl
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methodologies employed are of value
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References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
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Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
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Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
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Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
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A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
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Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
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Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
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Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
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MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
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2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
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B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
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Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
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143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
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B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
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B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
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Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
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P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
Page 215 and 216:
crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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