title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

Sudbury breccia occurs as sub-rounded clasts of footwall units of variable size, contained in a dark matrix. Norite is found in the hanging wall within the embayment and is the basal unit of the Sudbury Igneous Complex. The norite unit is massive and medium-grained (up to 4 mm) and contains euhedral to subhedral grains of biotite and orthopyroxene with chlorite alteration, hosted in a matrix of plagioclase. 2.3 Mine-Scale Faults The Creighton Deep contains four families of faults: south-west striking shear zones of the 118 Shear System, Footwall family shear zones, east-west-striking shear zones and splays between faults of the 118 Shear System (Table 2.2, Fig. 2.5). All orientations, except where stated, are expressed in ‘8-Shaft’ coordinates in which grid north is subject to a 25-degree clockwise rotation from geographic north. Shear zones are typically schistose with biotite mineral lineations. Composite foliation planes and mylonite textures are also common but difficult to discern in underground conditions. Quartz veins with minor calcite are frequently associated with shear zones in the Creighton Deep. Shear zones dissect all rock types and can be found within rock units, at the contact between two lithological units, at ore-rock contacts or along dykes. Within granitic units, shear zones are biotite-rich, strongly foliated and often display near-vertical biotite mineral lineation in the foliation plane, whereas they are more chlorite-rich within metagabbro. Shear zones of the 118 Shear System have a consistent inter-shear spacing of approximately 200 feet, as shown in Figure 2.5. 14
Table 2.2: Fault systems within the Creighton Deep System Orientation Shear Zones 118 Strikes SW between 230°-260° Dips NW between 75°-85° Footwall Strikes NW ~313°, Dips NE 55° Northwest Return Air Raise 402 Shear Plum Shear Fresh Air Raise Shear Fresh Air Raise-Type Shear Footwall Shear Footwall-Type Shear EW Splays East-west striking with opposite dips between 70° and 80° Steeply-dipping Link SW-striking shears 1290 Shear 400-East Shear Grizzly Splay 461 Splay Figure 2.5: Level plan for the 7400 Level in the Creighton Deep showing excavated drifts and sills, shear zones and approximate shape of the 400 Orebody. Map modified from Vale Inco 7400 Level Plan. NW = Northwest; RAR = Return Air Raise; FAR = Fresh Air Raise. The 400-East Shear Zone is found on the 7810 Level. 15
Page 1 and 2: THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
Page 3 and 4: esulting in increased stress to the
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Abstract.........
Page 7 and 8: 4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 13 and 14: Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
Page 15 and 16: List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
Page 23 and 24: ack breccia and sediments later dep
Page 25 and 26: Murray Fault, the principal fault o
Page 27 and 28: 2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
Page 29: B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
Page 47 and 48: (Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
Page 51 and 52: overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
Page 55 and 56: Both of these inferred stress direc
Page 57 and 58: are, at this time, in the process o
Page 59 and 60: Microseismic events of this subset
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
Page 65 and 66: located events were removed from cl
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
Page 73 and 74: ) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75 and 76: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
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Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
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Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
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Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
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This parameter reflects the magnitu
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
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Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
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4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
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Stress-strain relationships are use
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Rock mass failure is governed by th
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Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
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The zero cohesion and low friction
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Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
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Figure 4.11: Model of differential
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Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
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stress field model. There is little
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clustering are indications of rock
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Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
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Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
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seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
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contains energetic events and is no
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preferentially oriented fracture pl
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methodologies employed are of value
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References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
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Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
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Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
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Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
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A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
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Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
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Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
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Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
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MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
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2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
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B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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Page 153 and 154:
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Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
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Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
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143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
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B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
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B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
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Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
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P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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Page 177 and 178:
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D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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