title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

A B Figure 4.3: (A) Complete model geometry; (B) excavation and fault geometry within inner box in (A) is shown with labeled discontinuities and excavation. The area outside the inner box in (A) is subject to boundary effects. SZ = shear zone. The excavation on the 7400 Level consists of backfilled and unfilled stopes and sills. These are modelled as one large void. This can be done under the assumption that backfill has little loadbearing capacity and stiffness compared to the surrounding rock mass and thus can be ignored in the models. Drifts and small excavations remote from the main excavation have been omitted to simplify the level model, as they have negligible effect on the mine-scale stress field. Strength parameters for the medium surrounding the excavation reflect rock mass quantities rather than laboratory values for intact rock, which overestimate strength (Pande et al., 1990; Schultz, 1996). These rock mass parameters (summarized in Table 4.1), except where noted, were taken or calculated from estimates made by Coulson (1996) for footwall rocks in Creighton Mine. Values for normal and shear stiffness have been increased from calculated values to prevent contact overlap. The boundaries of the model, and thus the medium, are created far from the excavation. This ensures that modelled stress around the excavation is free from edge effects that result from the modelling process. 82
Rock mass failure is governed by the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope (Fig. 4.4). The envelope is defined by the equation, τ = σ n tan(Ф) + C, (Equation 4.1) where τ = the resolved shear stress, σ n = the normal stress, C = the cohesion, and Ф = the angle of internal friction. Both cohesion and the angle of internal friction are specified in each model. Parameters are consistent for the rock mass and are varied for the discontinuities. Field of Failure Field of Stability Figure 4.4: Mohr circle and Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope defined by cohesion and angle of internal friction (Ф). Shear zones, which dissect the rock mass, are generally schistose as compared to their granitic host rock. These are modeled as discontinuities with lower strength than the surrounding rock mass (Table 4.1). The geometry of the shear zones is simplified. The model assumes that shear 83
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THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
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esulting in increased stress to the
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
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Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
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ack breccia and sediments later dep
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Murray Fault, the principal fault o
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2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
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B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
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Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
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Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
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Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
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Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
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Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
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Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
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Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
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Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
Page 47 and 48: (Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
Page 51 and 52: overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
Page 55 and 56: Both of these inferred stress direc
Page 57 and 58: are, at this time, in the process o
Page 59 and 60: Microseismic events of this subset
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
Page 65 and 66: located events were removed from cl
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
Page 73 and 74: ) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75 and 76: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
Page 87 and 88: This parameter reflects the magnitu
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
Page 95 and 96: 4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
Page 97: Stress-strain relationships are use
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
Page 103 and 104: The zero cohesion and low friction
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
Page 107 and 108: Figure 4.11: Model of differential
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
Page 111 and 112: stress field model. There is little
Page 113 and 114: clustering are indications of rock
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
Page 119 and 120: seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
Page 121 and 122: contains energetic events and is no
Page 123 and 124: preferentially oriented fracture pl
Page 125 and 126: methodologies employed are of value
Page 127 and 128: References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
Page 129 and 130: Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
Page 131 and 132: Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
Page 133 and 134: Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
Page 135 and 136: A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
Page 137 and 138: Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
Page 139 and 140: Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
Page 141 and 142: Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
Page 143 and 144: MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
Page 145 and 146: 2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
Page 147 and 148: B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
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Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
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Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
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143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
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B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
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B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
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Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
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P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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