title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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$Fayek & Kyser 2000 uraninite fractionations.pdf - Queen's University$

double couple events. As a result, a large number of events within the mine environment cannot be characterized with this method but are better represented as a moment tensor. A poor fit of fault planes to plotted first arrivals may also arise as a result of the event being detected by a low number of sensors, poor first polarity picks, source location error or the homogeneous velocity model used by the mine. To relate microseismicity to structure, fault plane solutions for macroseismic and microseismic events corresponding to the 7400 Level were generated and analyzed for common faulting mechanisms. 3.3.1.1 Fault plane solutions for macroseismic events Although macroseismic events saturate the underground network, first arrivals are well recorded and their polarities preserved, allowing for fault plane analysis. P-axes, T-axes and nodal planes were estimated for 93 events with adequate statistical and visual double-couple solutions. Fault plane solutions and calculated fits were generated using the grid search algorithm in the program VFps by the Engineering Seismology Group. This method returns the best fit (between 0 and 100%) which has the least error. Events are located between the 7400 Level and 7810 Level but are mostly confined to the south of the main excavation on the 7400 and 7530 Levels. These occurred during the 2006-2007 time span. Plotted P- and T-axes and nodal planes for these events do not show consistent axes or mechanism types (Fig. 3.12); poles to nodal planes do not form distinct clusters and no common axes are revealed (Fig. 3.13). A sample of fault plane solutions for macroseismic events corresponding to the 7400 Level is shown in Figure 3.14. 60
Figure 3.12: Lower hemisphere equal area stereonet diagram depicting the orientation of (A) P-axes for macroseismic fault plane solutions; (B) T-axes for the same 96 events. Figure 3.13: Lower hemisphere equal area stereonet diagram depicting (A) Possible fault planes and (B) poles to planes for 93 mechanisms (186 planes and poles) for the 7400 Level. 61
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THE INFLUENCES OF STRESS AND STRUCT
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esulting in increased stress to the
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Table of Contents Abstract.........
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4.6.1 Fracture Reactivation........
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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Locatio
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Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
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Figure B11: Events between Jan 1, 2
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Geologica
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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Figure 1.1: Location of Sudbury and
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Chapter 2 Geological Assessment of
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ack breccia and sediments later dep
Page 25 and 26: Murray Fault, the principal fault o
Page 27 and 28: 2.2 Local Geology of Creighton Mine
Page 29 and 30: B West East B’ Figure 2.4B: Longi
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.2: Fault systems within the
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.3: Summary of Fault Charact
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.6: (A) Damage to shotcrete
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.7: (A) The 1290 Shear Zone
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.8: Images of (A) the 400-E
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.9: (A) Photograph of the c
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.10 (A) Shear foliation, in
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.11: Thin sections of the F
Page 47 and 48: (Fig. 2.12B). Reduction of quartz g
Page 49 and 50: 2.3.11 Late-Stage Fractures The you
Page 51 and 52: overprinting (Cochrane, 1991; Couls
Page 53 and 54: Table 2.4: Summary of Proterozoic t
Page 55 and 56: Both of these inferred stress direc
Page 57 and 58: are, at this time, in the process o
Page 59 and 60: Microseismic events of this subset
Page 61 and 62: 3.2.1.2 Seismic Energy (E o ) and S
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.1.4 Stress Parameters Stress pa
Page 65 and 66: located events were removed from cl
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.7: Detected seismicity cor
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.1: Event characteristics in
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.3: Summary of relevant para
Page 73 and 74: ) Damage Zone The rock mass in the
Page 75: quadrants of dilatation and compres
Page 79 and 80: mechanism shows that over 57% of th
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.16: Classification of prin
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3.18: Contoured P-axis, B-ax
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3.20: Distribution of double
Page 87 and 88: This parameter reflects the magnitu
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.23: Preliminary stress inv
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3.25: Equal area stereonet s
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3.27: (A) Maximum principal
Page 95 and 96: 4.2 Numerical Methods Phase 2 and U
Page 97 and 98: Stress-strain relationships are use
Page 99 and 100: Rock mass failure is governed by th
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.5: (A) Model for tectonic
Page 103 and 104: The zero cohesion and low friction
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4.9: Model of yielding for C
Page 107 and 108: Figure 4.11: Model of differential
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.14: Model of maximum stres
Page 111 and 112: stress field model. There is little
Page 113 and 114: clustering are indications of rock
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.23: Contoured domains of s
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.24: Fracture initiation th
Page 119 and 120: seismic Cluster 1, which correspond
Page 121 and 122: contains energetic events and is no
Page 123 and 124: preferentially oriented fracture pl
Page 125 and 126: methodologies employed are of value
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References Alcott, J. M., Kaiser, P
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Galkin, V., Mungall, J. (2005). Str
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Mungall, J. E., & Hanley, J. J. (20
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Appendix A Geological Maps and Samp
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A.2 Level Plans with Sample Locatio
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Figure A3: 7400 Level, modified for
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Figure A5: 7680 Level, modified for
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Figure A7: 7940 Ramp, modified from
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MICROSEISMIC EVENTS Source Radius A
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2006 Event Frequency with Depth 600
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B.2 Spatial Distribution of Seismic
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Cluster 1 Source Radius Asp. Radius
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Seismic Moment 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0
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143 Peak Velocity Parameter -2.5 -2
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B.4.2 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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147 Static Stress Drop 5.0 5.5 6.0
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B.4.3 Temporal Distribution of Clus
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151 Static Stress Drop 4.0 4.5 5.0
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Frequency-Magnitude Relation for Cl
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P-axis B-axis T-axis 155 Fault Plan
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P-axis B-axis T-axis Fault Plane 1
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D.1.1: Case 1 Models Figure D1: Cas
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Figure D3: Case 1, elastic models s
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A B C D Figure D5: Case 1, plastic
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A B C D Figure D7: Case 1, plastic
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D.1.2: Case 2 Models A B C D Figure
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D.1.3: Case 3 Models A B C Figure D
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D1.4 Tectonic Loading Models Figure
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D.2 Discussion of Phase 2 Models El
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Staged models were created in which
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Figure D17 (A) Elastic model showin
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Figure D19 (A) Elastic model showin
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• Similar damage zones surroundin
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; ;================================
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change jmat=1 range 0,1564.64 0,156
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crack (845.579,718.676) (787.063,57
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;===plum=== crack (0,355.2371429) (
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crack (866.14,726.44) (838.2,737.61
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crack (838.2,737.616) (815.848,771.
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crack (815.848,771.144) (815.848,78
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;===== define sub block ===========
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E.9 S3:S1 Model for fracture reacti
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yval= abs(z_syy(zi)) xyval= abs(z_s
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and rearranged to , (Equation F4) .
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Such that , (Equation F19) I is the
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title of the thesis - Department of Geology - Queen's University

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