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strategies for change 169 77. BM Combustion, You Make Plans – We Make History: Ecological Collapse, Science, The Anti-Globalisation Protests and Reclaim the Streets (London: BM Combustion, 2002), 18. 78. ACME Collective, N30 Black Bloc Communique, 1999, http://ww.infoshop.org/octo/wto/blackbloc.htm 79. T. Kaczynski, ‘When Non-Violence is Suicide’ from Live Wild or Die, 8, 2001, http://www.insurgentdesire.org.uk.whennon.htm 80. B. McSheehy, ‘Anarchism and Socialism’, Monthly Review, 21 (4): 59. 81. M. Lerner, ‘Anarchism and the American Counter-Culture’, in J. Joll & D. Apter (eds), Anarchism Today (London: Methuen, 1971), 42–9. 82. S. Christie, My Granny Made Me An Anarchist: The Christie File, part 1: 1946–64, 2nd edn. (Hastings, East Sussex: Christie Books, 2002), 199. 83. J. Vidal, McLibel (London: Pan Books, 1997), 62. 84. J. Purkis, ‘The Responsible Anarchist: Transport, Consumerism and the Future’, in J. Purkis and J. Bowen, Twenty-First Century Anarchism (London: Cassell, 1997), 134–51.
chapter five concluding remarks Studies of anarchism typically conclude with brief and often gloomy assessments about its prospects. Critics like David Miller and George Crowder acknowledge the significant contribution anarchists have made to political thought – particularly their critiques of Marxism – but still emphasize anarchism’s theoretical flaws and practical shortcomings. Many anarchists – particularly those who trace the roots of the movement to Lao Tzu (Kropotkin) or Etienne de la Boetie (Rothbard) – adopt a more optimistic view. Anarchism, they argue, describes a natural impulse to rebel which is deeply embedded in the human psyche and unlikely to disappear. The history of anarchism is as old as time; it extends well beyond the appearance and collapse of the European movement (1840–1939). It may have endured long periods of quiescence, but its real history is punctuated by moments of marvellous defiance: from the Anabaptist revolt and the Leveller protests to, in modern times, the Spanish Civil War, and the events of May 1968 in Paris. From this point of view, the anti-capitalist movement is only the most recent manifestation of this struggle. On the first view, anarchism describes a particular set of concepts and ideas. On the second, it’s a more protean movement. Taken by themselves, neither view seems to capture the essence of anarchist ideology: the first is too rigid, the second too broad. Yet they both point to two popular reactions to anarchism. The first is that anarchism is a nice idea on paper, but impossible in the real world. The second is that anarchism is about permanent opposition and essentially frivolous. The first reaction seems rather odd in the sense that it’s difficult to think of any ideology that has been realized in perfect form – after 170
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contents Acknowledgements vii intro
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acknowledgements A number of people
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chapter two anarchist rejections of
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chapter three anarchy We have alway
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Page 184 and 185: index Page numbers in italic denote
Page 186 and 187: index 177 Farrow, Lynne 119 fascism
Page 188 and 189: index 179 and state 30, 45-6, 50, 5
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