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crisis to support this thesis. For example, British anarchists argue that<br />

the 1984–5 miners’ strike provided graphic illustration of the government’s<br />

willingness to crush dissent by force. More recently, activists<br />

have pointed to police actions at anti-globalization rallies to make the<br />

case. Protests at the Genoa G8 summit in July 2001 made headlines<br />

after the killing of Carlo Giuliani, a young protestor, and the beating<br />

of journalists and protestors in a night-raid led by the Italian<br />

Carabinieri. One anarchist gives this account of events:<br />

The police entered: the media and the politicians were kept out. And<br />

they beat people. They beat people who had been sleeping, who held<br />

up their hands in a gesture of innocence and cried out, ‘Pacifisti!<br />

Pacifisti!’<br />

They beat the men and the women. They broke bones, smashed<br />

teeth, shattered skulls. They left blood on the walls, on the windows,<br />

a pool of it in every spot where people had been sleeping. When they<br />

have finished their work, they brought in the ambulances …<br />

This really happened. Not back in the nineteen thirties, but on the<br />

night of July 21 and the morning of July 22, 2001. Not in some third<br />

world country, but in Italy: prosperous, civilized, sunny Italy.<br />

The conclusion drawn by this activist is<br />

anarchist rejections of the state 47<br />

That the police could carry out such a brutal act openly … means<br />

that they do not expect to be held accountable for their actions.<br />

Which means that they had support from higher up, from more<br />

powerful politicians … 8<br />

Noting that a number of leading anarchists – Bakunin,<br />

Kropotkin and Tolstoy – were Russians, the American political scientist<br />

Paul Douglas argued that anarchism was a response to autocracy<br />

and that its ‘surest cure’ was ‘for the states to lead the good life’. 9<br />

Yet the surprising conclusion drawn by some anarchists is that the<br />

latent violence of constitutional government is worse than the overt<br />

violence of dictatorial rule. In the constitutional state citizens enter<br />

into a sort of Faustian pact, consenting to violence in return for civil<br />

rights and welfare benefits. John Zerzan has recently put this case. As<br />

taxpayers to government ‘we’re all implicated’ in the violence committed<br />

in our name. Giving the lie to Douglas, Tolstoy offered a<br />

similar view, contrasting the position of subjects and citizens:<br />

A subject of the most despotic Government can be completely free<br />

although he may be subjected to cruel violence on the part of the

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