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concluding remarks 173<br />

naïve rebellion and (ultimately) purposeless action. Contemporary<br />

anarchists can hardly be accused of lacking imagination or creativity,<br />

but the emphasis that some now place on process and movement<br />

risks playing into the hands of those who would suggest that<br />

anarchists cannot achieve lasting goals: for these anarchists there are<br />

no goals. Examples of anarchistic action – like that of the Zapatistas<br />

– are inspiring to most observers, but anarchists – particularly in<br />

states governed by fraud rather than force – must eventually<br />

confront the nature of the rebellion in which they are engaged.<br />

Grass-roots movements can and do bring about meaningful change.<br />

But modern history suggests that they tend to succeed only with the<br />

connivance of states. Anarchism challenges constituted authority –<br />

even if it’s organized as a samba party. It might be fun, but what will<br />

anarchists do if and when the hosts say the party’s over? As Buñuel<br />

pointed out, it’s one thing to be an ardent subversive and revel in the<br />

absurd, carrying out summary executions and fighting civil wars is<br />

another matter altogether.<br />

notes<br />

1. O. Garnett, Tea and Anarchy! The Bloomsbury Diary of Olive Garnett<br />

1890–1893, ed. B. Johnson (London: Bartletts Press, 1989), 107.<br />

2. A. Grey, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin (London: Longmans,<br />

Green & Co., 1946), 352.

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