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TABLE OF CONTENTS
L.L. Bean, Inc. v. Drake Publishers, Inc., 811 F.2d 26 (1st Cir. 1987) ................................. 102
Problem 3-2: Constitutional Interpretation: Review ............................................................ 105
Chapter Four
TRADEMARK: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 107
Felix Cohen, Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach, excerpt .................. 107
Chart: Comparison of the Three Main Forms of Federal Intellectual Property ................... 110
Trademark Basics ................................................................................................................ 112
What are the sources of trademark law? ....................................................................... 113
Registered Marks ................................................................................................................. 114
Problem 4-1 ......................................................................................................................... 116
Chapter Five
SUBJECT MATTER: REQUIREMENTS FOR TRADEMARK PROTECTION ...... 117
Use as a Mark in Commerce ................................................................................................ 117
Use in Commerce ......................................................................................................... 117
Use in Commerce: Free and Open Source Software ..................................................... 118
Planetary Motion, Inc. v. Techsplosion, Inc., 261 F.3d 1188 (11th Cir. 2001) .............. 118
Notes: Use-based and Intent-To-Use Applications ....................................................... 121
Notes: International Trademark Protection ................................................................... 122
Use as a Mark: Source Identification Function
a.) Actions of the Source ............................................................................................. 123
MicroStrategy, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc., 345 F.3d 335 (4th Cir. 2001) ............................. 123
b.) Nature of the Mark: Distinctiveness ....................................................................... 127
Abercrombie & Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc., 537 F.2d 4 (2d Cir. 1976) ............... 127
Zatarain’s, Inc. v. Oak Grove Smokehouse, Inc., 698 F.2d 786 (5th Cir. 1983) ............ 132
Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co., Inc., 514 U.S. 159 (1995) .............................. 135
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Brothers, Inc., 529 U.S. 205 (2000) .......................... 140
Jessica Litman, “The Exclusive Right to Read,” 13 CARDOZO ARTS &
ENT. L.J. 29 (1994) ................................................................................................ 144
TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23 (2001) ........................ 146
Notes on Distinctiveness & Functionality .................................................................... 151
Problems 5-1–5-4 ................................................................................................................. 152
Chapter Six
GROUNDS FOR REFUSING REGISTRATION ........................................................... 153
1.) 1052(a) .......................................................................................................................... 153
i.) Disparaging marks .................................................................................................. 153
Pro-Football, Inc. v. Suzan Shown Harjo, 284 F.Supp.2d 96 (D.D.C. 2003) ............... 154
Amanda Blackhorse v. Pro-Football, Inc., 111 U.S.P.Q.2d 1080 (T.T.A.B. 2014) ....... 162
Problem 6-1 .................................................................................................................. 164
ii.) Marks that falsely suggest a connection to persons ................................................ 167
iii.) Immoral or scandalous marks ............................................................................... 167
In re Marsha Fox, 702 F.3d 633 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ......................................................... 167
In re Hershey, 6 U.S.P.Q.2d 1470 (T.T.A.B. 1988) ...................................................... 168
Problem 6-2 .................................................................................................................. 168
iv.) Deceptive marks .................................................................................................... 169
2.) 1052(b) .......................................................................................................................... 169
3.) 1052(c) .......................................................................................................................... 170
4.) 1052(d) .......................................................................................................................... 171